2.3. Shigeo Shingo (1909-1990) is strongly associated with Just-in-Time manufacturing, and was the inventor of the Single Minute Exchange of Die (SMED) system, in which setup times are reduced from hours to minutes, and the Poka Yoke (mistake proofing) system. In Poka Yoke, defects are examined, the production system stopped and immediate feedback given so that the root causes of the problem may be identified and prevented from occurring again. The addition of a checklist recognises that humans can forget or make mistakes.
He distinguished between “errors”, which are inevitable, and “defects”, which result when an error reaches a customer, and the aim of Poka Yoke is to stop errors becoming defects. Defects arise because errors are made and there is a cause and effect relationship between the two. Zero quality control is the ideal production system and this requires both Poka Yoke and source inspections. In the latter, errors are looked at before they become defects, and the system is either stopped for correction or the error condition automatically adjusted to prevent it from becoming a defect.
