Demonstrative

Strong, weak, preterite-present and, suppletive

Strong (current non-standard words)

Weak (слабкі дієслова – current standard words)

Preterite – past tense words considered by a speaker as present – (developed into current modal verbs???)

“t” in the ending – once weak now strong (non-standard)

1. The development of adjectives throughout the history of the English language.

Adjectives were fully declinable words (gender, number, strong-weak, 2 degrees of comparison)

In MidE – reduction закінчень і прикметник втрачає свої категорії роду і числа, у нього залишаються лише ступені порівняння які мають редуковану форму

Перенос наголосу у цей період

Також залишаються strong and weak declensions (disappear in Middle English)

Suppletive forms (good-better-best)

 

1. The development of pronouns throughout the history of the English language.

The most numerous in OE were 2 groups of pronouns:

- personal and demonstrative

Personal

- Number (sing, plural, dual)

- Gender 3 p. sing (m, f, n)

Demonstrative

- Number и Протиставлення (то, что осталось в современном английском) – the other features disappeared

 

Changes in the system of Personal Pronoun

During ME the Genetive case separates from the rest of cases and begins to function as posessive pronoun.

Dual number disappears (merged with plural)

They - borrowed from Scandinavian

She began to be used instead of heo (ME)

Dativee and Accusative began to merge in ME.

In Early NewE pronoun are started to be used in singular