Learning outcomes
Generate knowledge about: - The normal flora of the oral cavity; - Value of the normal oral flora for overall health; - Determining the severity and causes of dysbiosis; - Microscopy and culture of the test material. - Microbiological fundamentals of disinfection and sterilization. - Control methods of disinfection and sterilization - The principles of decontamination of the environment disinfectants - Microbiological fundamentals of antibiogram - The basics of interpreting the results of analysis on antibiotic resistance / sensitivity - Basis for the use of antimicrobial agents in the group delay in the dental practice To develop skills in: - Taking the test material with dysbiosis of the oral cavity; - Interpretation of the results of the study. - Evaluation of the results of bacteriological control of the quality of disinfection and sterilization - Evaluating the results hiimicheskogo control over the quality of disinfection and sterilization - Assessing the possibility of bacteriological method of monitoring compliance with the disinfection regime in medical institutions - Evaluating the results of the analysis on antibiotic resistance / sensitivity Basic questions of the theme: 1 When a primary settling of microorganisms in the mouth? 2 What are the characteristics of the oral microflora in children under one year? 3 How does the oral microflora after teething? 4: Methods and means of sterilization, used equipment. 5: Methods and means of disinfection, applied equipment. 6 The principle of operation of the autoclave, dry heat ovens. 7 Control methods of disinfection and sterilization. Practical application. 8 Qualitative and quantitative methods for determining the susceptibility of bacteria to antibiotics. 9 Methods for detection of antibiotics in blood, urine and tissues. 10 Methods of sampling for bacteriological control of disinfection. Methods of learning (small group discussion, case studies, working in pairs, presentations, case studies, etc.) Passive method - explanation. Active method - preparation and discussion of practical work, research protocol, work with multimedia databases, computer models and programs..) Interactive - case studies, work in small groups, quick poll, role playing tasks, brainstorming, critical thinking, mini-researches, etc.) Control (questions, tests, tasks, etc.): Questions: 1 How does the composition of the normal microflora of the hormones of the body? 2 What are the micro-organisms often isolated with prosthetic stomatitis? 3 Do the normal inhabitants microbiocenosis oral pathogenic potential? 4 What kind of microflora of the mouth belongs to the autochthonous? 5 What is the microflora of the mouth referred to as allochthonous? 6 List the main representatives microbiocenosis mouth, give them a brief description. 7 What are the physiological functions are performed by the normal microflora of the mouth? 8 How to prepare dishes for sterilization. 9 The criteria for selecting the method and mode of sterilization. Control over the mode of sterilization. 10 The methods used to decontaminate medical instruments, linen and other items 11 Determination of the sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotics. 12 Methods of disinfection 13 Use of disinfectants in medicine. 14 Control of disinfection 15 methods of sterilization. Case studies:
penicillin - 12 mm Tetracycline - 15 mm Gentamicin - 22 mm tsiprolet - 28 mm
Tests 1 The main factors affecting the microflora of the mouth: a) the properties of saliva and the intensity of its formation b) the anatomical and physiological features of the oral cavity c) the nature of power g) physical illness d) all of the above Correct answer: d 2 The positive role of oral microflora: a) immunomodulating b) vitamin- c) participate in the digestion of food g) antagonistic d) all of the above Correct answer: d 3 As part of the oral flora is determined by: a) 3-4 species of microorganisms b) 10-20 species c) 50-100 species g) 100-200 species d) 200-500 species Correct answer: d 4 The number of microorganisms in the oral cavity depends on: a) time of day b) slyunoobrazovaniya c) oral hygiene content d) anomalies that hamper washing of saliva d) all of the above Correct answer: d 5 biotope oral cavity with higher average t0: a) hyoid region b) inflammation of the gingival pocket c) the root of the tongue d) dental plaque d) salivary glands Correct answer: b 6 Biotope the mouth with the most low-O2: a) The surface of teeth b) the buccal mucosa c) the surface of the tongue g) periodontal pocket d) oral fluid Correct answer: d 7 Biotope mouth, in which the most high proportion of aerobes: a) The surface of the tongue b) the surface of the teeth c) the buccal mucosa g) periodontal pocket d) oral fluid Correct answer: a 8 The ratio of anaerobes: aerobes in oral fluid: a) 1: 1 b) 3-10: 1 a) 100: 1 g) 1 000: 1 d) 10000: 1 Correct answer: b 9 ratio anaerobic: aerobic on tooth surfaces: a) 1: 1 b) 10: 1 a) 100: 1 g) 1 000: 1 d) 10000: 1 Correct answer: a Unstimulated saliva pH 10 in the standard is: a) 4.2 - 5.5 b) 7.25 - 8.5 c) 5.5 - 6.4 g) 8.5 - 9.44 d) 6.4 - 7.25 Correct answer: d 11 The mouth of the embryo normally inhabited: a) sterile b) aerobic c) facultative anaerobes d) obligate anaerobes d) lactobacilli Correct answer: a 12 For oral microflora 2-4 month old baby all characteristic to p o m e: a) the emergence of facultative anaerobes b) the predominance of obligate anaerobes c) the presence of Neisseria and hemophilia d) the presence of microaerophilic streptococci d) the presence of yeast-like fungi r.Candida Correct answer: b 13 In the pre-school age in the mouth normally absent: a) lactobacilli, actinomycetes, Corynebacterium b) yeast-like fungi p. Candida c) Bacteroides, spirochetes, protozoa g) streptococci d) veyllonelly, fuzobakterii Correct answer: a 14 With the loss of teeth in an adult show the following changes in the microflora of the oral cavity: a) reducing the number of obligate anaerobes b) increase the amount of yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida c) the increase in the number of E. coli d) increase the number of enterococci d) all of the above Correct answer: d 15 On the back of the tongue from oral streptococci predominate: a) S. mitis b) S. mutans a) S. hominis d) S. salivarius d) all of the above Correct answer: d 16. gingival fluid normally prevail: a) aerobic b) facultative anaerobes c) strict anaerobes g) microaerophiles d) kapnofily Correct answer: a 17 The concentration of organic acids in the mouth reduces: a) Streptococcus b) lactobacilli c) actinomycetes g) veyllonelly d) all of the above Correct answer: d 18 For lactobacilli characteristic (all right, a p o m e): a) are able to survive in acidic medium b) up to 20% of microflora in the oral cavity c) possess low virulence d) producers of antibiotics d) facultative anaerobes Correct answer: b 19 Veyllonelly - antagonists cariogenic microflora by: a) active consumption of lactic acid b) active acidification c) isolation of bacteriocins against S. mutans d) active O2 consumption d) active selection of O2 Correct answer: a 20 Antagonists yeasts Candida oral are: a) leptotrihii b) bifidobacteria c) lactobacillus g) streptococci d) all of the above Correct answer: d 21 For all peptostreptokokkov characteristic to p o m e: a) form spores b) low saccharolytic activity c) high proteolytic activity g) can cause purulent inflammatory infection of the maxillofacial region e) Gy (+) Correct answer: a 22 For all typical of actinomycetes to p o m e: a) sticks or branching filamentous elements b) relate to the kingdom Fungi c) ferment carbohydrates to organic acids g) form the basis of dental plaque d) koagregiruyut with other bacteria Correct answer: b 23 For microbiological characteristics dysbacterioses oral define: a) streptococci, lactobacilli, staphylococci, Candida, coliform b) Corynebacterium, E. coli, bifidumbacteria, Neisseria c) streptococci, peptostreptokokkov, fuzobakterii, veyllonelly g) spirochetes, actinomycetes, Bacteroides, protozoa d), Salmonella, Shigella, E. coli, bifidobacteria Correct answer: a 24. dysbiotic (compensated) shift is characterized by: a) increasing the number 1 type of opportunistic bacteria b) the emergence of one species of pathogenic bacteria c) the predominance of lactobacilli g) the prevalence of yeast-like fungi Candida d) reduction of Streptococcus Correct answer: a 25. dysbiosis of III degree is characterized by: a) Identification of pathogenic monoculture, reducing the amount of physiological microflora b) the association of pathogenic bacteria yeast fungi c) the increase in the number of lactobacilli d) increase the amount of yeast-like fungi Candida d) all of the above Correct answer: a 26 The main factors affecting the microflora of the mouth: a) the buffer capacity of saliva b) oral hygiene content c) the state of the immune system g) bad habits d) all of the above Correct answer: d 27 The negative impact of oral microflora: a) production of organic acids b) accumulation of immunosuppressive agents and adjuvants c) agents of endogenous infection g) cariogenicity d) all of the above Correct answer: d 28 Species composition of oral microflora: a) relatively constant b) submitted by resident microorganisms c) represented transient microorganisms g) is dependent on the age d) all of the above Correct answer: d 29 On the quantitative composition of the microflora of the oral cavity is affected by: a) physical illness b) the nature of the food you eat c) disease GPRS d) ill-fitting dentures d) all of the above Correct answer: d 30 Habitats oral with the most low-O2: a) the surface of the teeth and tongue b) the buccal mucosa and palate c) periodontal pocket and dental plaque d) mucosal folds and crypts d) oral fluid Correct answer: a 31 The ratio of anaerobes: aerobes in the gingival sulcus: a) 1: 1 b) 10: 1 a) 100: 1 g) 1 000: 1 d) 10000: 1 Correct answer: d 32 Biotope mouth, in which the most high proportion of aerobes: a) The surface of the tongue b) the surface of the teeth c) the buccal mucosa g) periodontal pocket d) oral fluid Correct answer: a Unstimulated saliva pH 33 in the standard is: a) 4.2 - 5.5 b) 7.25 - 8.5 c) 5.5 - 6.4 g) 8.5 - 9.44 d) 6.4 - 7.25 Correct answer: d 34 For oral microflora of the newborn is characterized by all to p o m e: a) a large number of aerobic b) the presence of facultative anaerobic bacteria c) colonization of the entire microflora mother d) the presence of lactobacilli d) the virtual absence of obligate anaerobes Correct answer: a 35 In the folds and crypts of the oral mucosa 2-4 month old baby for the first time appear: a) veyllonelly and fuzobakterii b) obligate aerobes c) Neisseria and Corynebacterium g) actinomycetes d) yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida Correct answer: a 36 when cutting the milk teeth in the oral cavity: a) disappear obligate aerobes b) there are obligate aerobes c) increasing the number of obligate anaerobes g) appear veyllonelly and fuzobakterii d) decreases the amount of S. mutans and S. salivarius Correct answer: a 37 In normal puberty first colonizing the oral cavity: a) S. mutans, S. salivarius b) veyllonellami, fuzobakterii c) Candida species g) bacteroids, spirochetes, prosteyshmi d) Neisseria, hemophilia Correct answer: d 38 When tooth loss in the elderly: a) reduces the number of obligate anaerobes b) increases the number of obligate anaerobes c) reduces the amount of yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida g) disappear facultative anaerobic bacteria d) disappear aerobic bacteria Correct answer: a 39 Among the oral microflora of healthy adult prevail: a) kapnofily b) microaerophiles c) facultative anaerobes g) anaerobes and microaerophiles d) obligate aerobes Correct answer: d 40. folds and crypts of the oral mucosa is characterized by all to p o m e: a) Peptostreptococcus spp. b) S. aureus a) Lactobacillus spp. d) S. mitis, S. hominis d) Veillonella spp. Correct answer: b 41 ducts of the salivary glands are normal: a) intensively contaminated with obligate anaerobic flora b) sterile or contain a small amount of obligate anaerobic bacteria c) populated hemophilia pseudomonads g) populated plaque microflora d) moving microorganisms colonized Correct answer: b 42 The microflora of the oral fluid is represented by: a) microaerophiles b) obligate anaerobes c) facultative anaerobes g) spirochetes, Pseudomonas, Mycoplasma d) all of the above microorganisms Correct answer: d 43 The positive role in veyllonell microbiocenosis oral cavity: a) actively consume O2 b) synthesized vitamin K c) utilize lactic acid g) Lactic acid producing d) high proteolytic activity Correct answer: a 44 oral streptococci: a) antagonists acidophilus b) antagonists fuzobakterii corynebacteria c) antagonists actinomycetes g) synergists schelochelyubivyh bacteria d) synergists fuzobakterii corynebacteria Correct answer: b 45 For all the characteristic of lactobacilli to r o m e: a) Tp (+) not forming spores coli b) acidophilic c) synthesis of lactic acid d) colonization of the oral cavity during puberty d) in the norm of <1% of oral microflora Correct answer: d 46 The largest share in the microflora of the mouth are: a) lactobacilli b) streptococci c) Staphylococcus g) veyllonelly d) spirochetes Correct answer: b 47 To assess the oral dysbiosis determine the amount of: a) Streptococcus b) staphylococci c) lactobacillus g) Candida d) all of the above Correct answer: d 48. dysbiosis grade I-II is characterized by: a) reduction in titer of lactobacilli b) identification of pathogenic species 2-3 c) subcompensated form d) the presence of clinical symptoms d) all of the above Correct answer: d 49. dysbiosis IV degree is characterized by: a) Identification of pathogenic monoculture, reducing the amount of physiological microflora b) the association of pathogenic bacteria yeast fungi p. Candida c) the increase in the number of lactobacilli d) increase the amount of yeast-like fungi Candida d) all of the above Correct answer: b 50 In the physical methods of sterilization used: 1 Drying 2 Dry Heat 3 Pressurized steam 4 bleach 5 Formalin 51 Ultraviolet rays: 1 is bactericidal 2 Stimulate the growth of bacteria 3 Effective through glass 4 is used to disinfect food 5 mutagenic factor 52 Steam sterilization under pressure: 1 is produced in furnaces Pasteur 2 Sterilization conducted fractional 3 is produced in an autoclave 4 is sterilized nutrient media 5 Heating material is at a temperature 50-65o 53 Disputes bacilli are killed by: 1 Action of bacteriophage 2 Prolonged drying 3 autoclaving 4 lyophilization 5 Pasteurization 54 Glassware sterilized: 1 pasteurization 2 Tinsdalizatsiey 3 The unit of Koch 4 flowing steam 5 dry heat 55 A study of the antibacterial action of high temperatures all of these methods except: 1 boiled 2 Actions UV rays 3 autoclaving 4 ovens 5 calcination 56 Sensitivity to antibiotics is determined by: 1 Titration by Grazia 2 The fractional sterilization 3 serial dilutions 4 titration Appelmanu 5 Factor fertility 57 To determine the sensitivity to antibiotics defined zone of growth inhibition around the disk, it says: 1 Stimulation of cell metabolism 2 The absence of toxicity 3 Increased membrane permeability 4 Sensitivity of culture 5 protein denaturation 58 Determination of the concentration of the antibiotic in the body fluids and tissues produce: 1 agar diffusion method 2 membrane filter method 3 Aspiration method 4 plated on nutrient media 59 The method of choice for sterilization of surgical instruments is: 1 UFO 2 filtering 3 drying 4 pasteurization 5 autoclaving 60 The method allows to sterilize all laboratory glassware and instruments: 1 boiling 2 pasteurization 3 tindalizatsiya 4 filtering 5 autoclaving 61 Filtration: 1 method is based on a mechanical delay of microorganisms 2 eliminates bacteria and eukaryotes in liquids 3 refers to the cold sterilization methods 4 has a bacteriostatic effect 5 fractional sterilization 62 The types of quality control of sterilization include: 1 Bacteriology 2 biological 3 chemical 4 bacterioscopic 5 immunological 6 visual 63 The sterilization may be carried out in the following ways: 1 processing wet steam 2 autoclaving 3 dry heat 4 tindalizatsiey 5 pasteurization 6 irradiation 65 Quality control is carried out sterilization methods: 1 visual 2 chemical 3 surgical 4 anatomical 66, antibacterial chemotherapeutic agents include: 1 Organic alcohols 2 Sulfanilamidnye drugs 3 Volatile 4 Chloramine 5 Formaldehyde 67 Chemotherapy: 1 Measures to direct suppression or destruction of pathogens in the internal environment of the body 2 Full obesplozhivanie organism 3 Report of the ecological balance between the microbial populations in the composition of the microflora of the human body 4 Destruction of pathogens only protozoal infections 5 Toxic effects on phagotypes 68 On the classification of antiseptic chemical structure does not apply: 1 Halogen 2 Heavy metals 3 inhibitors of protein synthesis 4 8-oksihinalony 5 Higher fatty acid 69 antiseptics may have: 1 Komulyativnoe action 2 microbicidal action 3 Disable the genetic apparatus of cells 4 stimulatory effect on the macro-organism 5 Strictly significant organ localization 70 Disinfectants are not: 1 Zulema 2 rimantadine 3 Lysol 4 phenol 5 chloramines 71 Antiseptic and disinfectants: 1 Germicidal only for pathogens 2 For most tissues of the body are toxic antiseptics 3 is equally toxic to the body tissues 4 Effective for any concentration 5 For the tissues of the body are less toxic antiseptics 72 The founders of the doctrine of antibiotics: 1 Pasteur 2 Monasein 3 Zabolotnykh 4 Fleming 5 Koch 73. unit antibiotics in chemical composition does not apply: 1 beta-lactam 2 Bacteriostatic 3 Aminoglycosides 4 Palienovye 5 Macrolides 74 Properties of antibiotics: 1 Are obscheplazmaticheskimi poisons Cause 2 phage lysis of bacteria 3 has a bacteriostatic effect 4 is an intracellular parasite 75 Requirements for antibiotics: 1 The absence of toxicity 2 Stimulation of the body's defenses 3 Action in immunogenic concentrations 4 binding proteins of an organism 5 filterable through a bacterial filter Antibiotics 76, obtained from fungi: 1 oleandomitsina 2 gramicidin C 3 Penicillin 4 metatsiklin 5 Volatile 77 To prevent the development of drug resistance is necessary (name wrong answer): 1 Use antibiotics with different mechanisms of action 2 Use the lowest dose of antibiotic 3 Use the directional antibiotic 4 changes the antibiotics 5 Follow the course of treatment regime 78 The most frequent complications of antibiotic therapy does not apply: 1 Drug resistance of microorganisms 2 Dysbacteriosis 3 Candidiasis 4 Metabolic 5 Drug allergies 79 producers of antibiotics are not: 1 Garlic 2 Simple 3 Aktinmitsety 4 Radiant mushrooms THESAURUS (glossary): Microflora Biotope Dysbacteriosis Probiotics Eubiotics Antibiotics Disinfection Sterilization Zone of growth inhibition Control of disinfection Control of sterilization MIC The approximate timing of the activity:
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