Guidelines for the Use of Drugs by the Elderly

• Be certain that drug treatment is necessary. Many health problems
of the elderly can be managed without the use of drugs.

• Avoid if possible the use of many drugs at one time. It is advisable
to use not more than three drugs concurrently.

• Dosage schedules should be as uncomplicated as possible. When
feasible, a single daily dose of each drug is preferable.

• In order to establish individual tolerance, treatment with most
drugs is usually best begun by using smaller than standard doses. Maintenance doses should also be determined carefully. A mainte­nance dose is often smaller for persons over 60 years of age than for younger persons.

• Avoid large tablets and capsules if other dosage forms are available. Liquid preparations are easier for the elderly or debilitated to swal­low.

• Have all drug containers labeled with the drug name and directions for use in large, easy-to-read letters.

• Ask the pharmacist to package drugs in easy-to-open containers. Avoid "child-proof" caps and stoppers.

• Do not take any drug in the dark. Identify each dose of medicine carefully in adequate light to be certain you are taking the drug intended.

• To avoid taking the wrong drug or an extra dose, do not keep drugs on a bedside table. Drugs for emergency use, such as nitroglycerin, are an exception. It is advisable to have only one such drug at the bedside for use during the night.

• Drug use by older persons may require supervision. Observe drug effects continuously to ensure safe and effective use.