Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод причастия прошедшего времени.

Образец 1: The mining method used depends on many factors. → Используемый метод разработ­ки зависит от многих факторов.

1. The problems discussed are connected with the investigations of the Earth's crust depths.

2. Metamorphic rocks described represent the oldest part of the Earth's crust.

3. The process of metamorphism mentioned above creates such minerals as tremolite, sillimanite and others which are uncommon in sedimentary and igneous rocks.

4. In all the mines visited automated computerised control sys­tems were used.

5. A new system of planning employed gives an opportunity of supplying correct information quickly which is essential for management control of modern mines.

 

Образец 2: When burnt,coal produced heat. - При сжигании уголь выделяет тепло.

1. If disturbed, rocks cleave easily into separate plates.

2. When needed the additional experiments are carried out.

3. When subjected to pressure, heat and chemically active fluids, various rocks in the Earth's crust are transformed into metamorphic rocks.

 

Найдите в тексте 2 и выпишите причастия прошедшего времени в функции правого определения.

 

34. Переведите предложения, используя сочетания слов:

To be formed; to belong to; to be like; to be of value; to give an opportunity of; unlike; to be of importance; pre-existing rocks; schistose structure; to determine

1. Метаморфические породы образовались из изверженных и осадочных пород.

2. Гнейс, сланец, мрамор и другие породы относятся к группе метаморфических пород.

3. Гнейс похож на гранит, но, в отличие от гранита, он имеет слоистую структуру.

4. Вообще говоря, описанные метаморфические породы имеют большое значение, так как их структура дает возможность установить следы существовавших ранее пород.

Задайте вопросы по образцу.

Образец: Metamorphic rocks are mostly found in the regions of mountain belts. (where?) → Where are metamorphic rocks mostly found?

1. Metamorphic rocks have been developed from earlier igneous and sedimentary rocks. (what rocks?)

2. The constituents of gneisses are distributed in bands or layers. (how?)

3. Mica and chlorite cause the rock to split into thin sheets. (what materials?)

4. The structure of metamorphic rocks is of importance. (why?)

 

36. Закончите предложения подходящими по смыслу словами из текста 2:

1. As for the origin of metamorphic rocks they....

2. When we say that a mineral has a schistose structure it means....

3. It should be noted that the role of water in the formation of metamorphic rocks is great. It is known that high-grade metamorphic rocks are characterized by the absence of water while medium-grade rocks....

4. Geologists should know every trace of the original structure of metamorphic rocks because....

 

37. Суммируйте содержание текста 2, используя слова в скобках:

1. The process of metamorphism. (to mean, to show, to undergo changes, to be transformed, to call)

2. The role of water in the formation of metamorphic rocks. (to be interdependent, to be related to, in such a way, generally speaking, to be characterized by)

3. The difference between foliated and non-foliated metamorphic rocks. (flaky, to cause, to split into, to cleave)

4. The structure of metamorphic rocks. (to be of importance, trace, pre-existing rocks, to give an opportunity of)

 

38. Прочитайте текст 3 без словаря и скажите, о чем он. Слова для понимания текста:

profit — прибыль; польза

residual — осадочный

alloy — сплав

cast iron — чугун

ТЕКСТ3

Minerals that make up rocks, are defined as inorganic sub­stances which occur naturally and have a definite chemical composi­tion and physical properties which vary within known limits.

The major properties are colour, crystal form, hardness, cleavage and others. Cleavage is one of the most diagnostically useful mineralogical properties which can be found throughout the mineral.

Minerals of use to man can be grouped into two broad catego­ries: 1) metals, such as aluminium, copper, gold, silver, iron, tin, platinum, chromium, nickel, lead and zinc, and 2) non-me­tallic minerals, such as diamonds, salt, limestone, cement, sul­phur, and asbestos. When minerals occur so that they can be worked at a profit they are called ore deposits. Mineral deposits are seldom equally rich throughout.

Economic minerals are those which are of economic impor­tance and include both metallic and non-metallic minerals.

Most minerals consist of several elements. Such elements are oxygen, silicon, titanium, aluminium, iron, magnesium, calcium, sodium, potassium and hydrogen. They make up more than 99 per cent by weight of all the rock-forming minerals. Of these, alu­minium, iron and magnesium are industrial metals. The other metals are present in small quantities, mostly in igneous rocks.

For example, iron is one of the most abundant metals in the Earth's crust. There are three important classes of iron deposits: deposits associated with igneous rocks; residual deposits and sedi­mentary deposits. Iron deposits associated with igneous rocks are usually small but very rich bodies either of haematite or magnetite. Large concentrations have been successfully mined in Pennsylvania (the USA) and in the Russian Federation.

Residual deposits of iron minerals are formed wherever weather­ing occurs. Iron deposits formed this way are very widespread. It should be stressed that the residual deposits were among the first to be exploited by man.

Sedimentary iron deposits make up most of the world's current production.

As the essential component of every variety of steel, iron is ob­viously the most important of all industrial metals. It has played a large part in the development of our modern civilization. Iron ores are mainly used for producing cast iron, steels and ferro-alloys. From a scientific point of view, iron's most important property is that it becomes magnetized.

The magnetic iron ore is the main wealth of the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly (KMA). It is necessary to say that only in the last century was the secret of the unusual magnetism of enormous iron ore masses discovered underground.

Iron fields are worked by surface mining which is more eco­nomical. But the KMA is rich not only in iron ores. Its deposits contain bauxite, phosphorite, cement, sand and clays.