Topical Vocabulary. a constitutional monarchy - конституционная монархия
a constitutional monarchy - конституционная монархия the Queen - королева Head of State – глава государства the legislative power - законодательная власть to be exercised by – осуществляться чем-либо the Houses of Parliament - парламент the House of Lords – палата лордов the House of Commons - палата общин to be composed of – состоять из hereditary and life peers – наследственные и пожизненные лорды, пэры a peeress - пэресса a member of – член (чего-либо) to be elected by the people – избираться народом to be elected from a constituency – избираться от избирательного округа the real governing body – реальный правящий орган the executive power –исполнительная власть Prime Minister - премьер-министр the Cabinet - кабинет to be formed by smth. – образовываться, формироваться чем-либо to be supported by the majority – поддерживаться большинством the majority party leader – лидер партии большинства to be appointed by – назначаться (кем-либо) to choose a team of ministers – создавать команду министров the official opposition - официальная оппозиция the Shadow Cabinet – теневой кабинет the judiciary branch of the government - судебная власть to determine common law - определять гражданское право to be independent of smth. – не зависеть от чего-либо a written constitution - «письменная» конституция a precedent – прецедент
Answer the questions:
l. What does the term «constitutional monarchy» mean? 2. What body exercises the legislative power in the country? 3. How are the chambers of the Parliament composed? 4. What body exercises the executive power? 5. How is the executive branch of the government formed? 6. What is the official opposition? 7. What does the judiciary branch of the government do? 8. Is there a written Constitution in Great Britain? Translate into English:
1. Термин «конституционная монархия» означает, что Великобритания управляется парламентом, а главой государства является королева. 2. Законодательная власть принадлежит парламенту, состоящему из двух палат. 3. Члены палаты общин, реального органа управления страной, избираются народом. 4. Премьер-министр назначается королевой и сам назначает кабинет. 5. Исполнительная власть в стране осуществляется премьер-министром и его кабинетом. 6. Партия, имеющая большинство в палате общин, формирует правительство. 7. Члены палаты общин избираются от округов в Англии, Шотландии, Уэльсе и Северной Ирландии. 8. Официальная оппозиция формирует свой теневой кабинет. 9. Судебная власть определяет гражданское право. 10. В Англии вместо письменной конституции существуют прецеденты и традиции.
London London is the capital of the United Kingdom, its economic, political and cultural centre. It is one of the world's most important ports and one of the largest cities in the world. London with its suburbs has a population of about 11 million people. London has been a capital for nearly a thousand years. Many of its ancient buildings still stand. The most famous of them are the Tower of London, where the crown jewels are kept, Westminster Abbey and St. Paul's Cathedral. Most visitors also want to see the Houses of Parliament, Buckingham Palace (the Queen's home with its Changing of the Guards) and the many magnificent museums. Different areas of London seem like different cities. The West End is a rich man's world of shops, offices and theatres. The City of London is the district where most offices and banks are concentrated; the Royal Exchange and the Bank of England are here, too. The East End is the district where mostly working people live. The old port area is now called «Docklands». Now there are new office buildings in Docklands, and thousands of new flats and houses. By the day the whole of London is busy. At night offices are quiet and empty, but the West End stays alive, because this is where Londoners come to enjoy themselves. There are two Opera Houses here, several concert halls and many theatres, as well as cinemas. Like all big cities, London has streets and concrete buildings, but it also has many big parks, full of trees, flowers and grass. In the middle of Hyde Park or Kensington Gardens you will think that you are in the country, miles away. Many people live outside the centre of London in the suburbs, and they travel to work in shops and offices by train, bus or underground (“The Tube”).
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