Medical education in Great Britain

Undergraduate medical education is provided in schools or universities which are state – supported but academically independent. The potential medical student is educated in school until he is 16 and gets the General Certificate of Education at the O (ordinary) level. The exams in Chemistry, Physics and Biology are the usual set. After it the students can either enter the first (pre - medical) year of medical school and to study the same subjects at the advanced level or spent 2 more years at high school. Here they get acquainted with the basis of human anatomy, history of medicine, first – aid procedures and specialize in chemistry, physics and biology in relation to medicine. The course is concluded by the test for the General Certificate of Education at the A (advanced) level.

As in other countries there is also strong competition for places at British medical and dental schools. But there are no entrance exams as in Russia. The candidates are selected considering the information in the application form, the passes in final tests at college and the confidential report from the school about the personality and academic potential of the applicant.

It is the policy of most medical schools to interview about three candidates (for one place) which are considered for admission. An interview usually lasts about 15 minutes. The selection committee seeks for the supplement information about the intellectual potential of the candidates, the possible experience in medical care, the causes of their professional choice, the speech manner and the patterns of self – esteem (particularly how the applicant estimates his abilities to become a doctor).

The whole course lasts for 6 years and is generally divided into pre – clinical and clinical years. During the two pre – clinical years students study anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology and psychology. They also have patient demonstrations to illustrate the clinical relevance of the basic material.

In most medical schools a trend towards coordinated teaching of human organism structure and function has developed. Theoretical instruction in major clinical subjects is also given an integrated way so that experts of all relevant disciplines may take part in the instruction. This approach assists in the better understanding of disease.

During the other part of a day students are busy with series of appointments where they develop clinical skills in close supervised contact with patients.

As a rule, medical schools introduce a series of electives on problems of family practice and social services.

Упражнение 1. Прочтите и запомните следующие слова и выражения:

first – aid procedures, application form, patterns of self – esteem, patient demonstrations, trend, approach, appointments, supervised contact.

Упражнение 2: Дайте ответы на следующие вопросы:

1. What are the rules of entry to the medical school in GB?

2. What subjects are basical on the advanced level of a high school?

3. What information is considered to be important for entry?

4. What is the aim of the interview?

5. How long does the whole course of study last?

6. What do you think about an integrated way of theoretical instruction?

7. What do the students do during the day?

Упражнение 3. Перескажите текст, используя следующий план:

1. Rules of entry to the medical school

a) information about General Certificate of Education

b) an interview as a method of candidates selection.

2. Duration of the course of studies

a) the subjects of the pre – clinical years

b) the subjects of the clinical years

3. Peculiarities of the University teaching

a) coordinated teaching

b) the students activities during a day.

III. Работа над грамматикой. Направлена на развитие компетенции ОК-6-40мин Урок 4, стр. 39, ( Учебник для медицинских вузов и медицинских специалистов «Английский язык», под ред.И.Ю. Марковиной)

Времена группы Simple (Indefinite).

ВОПРОСЫ В АНГЛИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ

Вопросы бывают четырех типов: общие, специальные, альтер­нативные и разделительные.

Общими вопросами называются такие, на которые можно отве­тить yes или по. Такие вопросы начинаются с вспомогательного глагола. Например:

Do you study anatomy at the Institute? Yes, I do. Did you study Latin last year? No, I didn't.

Специальные вопросы имеют целью выяснение какого-либо факта или обстоятельства. Они относятся к одному из членов предложения и начинаются с вопросительного слова. Запомните следую­щие вопросительные слова: who кто? что? какой?, where где? куда?, when когда?, why почему?, how как?, how many, how much сколько?, how long как долго? сколько?, what for зачем?

Where do you study? I study at the Moscow Medical Sechenov Academy.

When do you come to the Institute? I come to the Institute at 8.50.

Альтернативные (выборочные) вопросы имеют целью выясне­ние отдельных подробностей высказывания. Такие вопросы по структуре похожи на общие вопросы и требуют полного ответа. Говорящему предлагается выбор одного из двух возможных вари­антов. Например:

Do you study anatomy or surgery in the first year? We study anatomy in the first year.

Do you live in Moscow or in Kiev? I live in Moscow.

Разделительные вопросы имеют целью уточнение того или иного факта или обстоятельства и требуют краткого ответа. Например:

You study English, don't you? (Вы изучаете английский язык, не правда ли?) Yes, I do.

You had no lecture at 5 o'clock, had you? (У вас не было лекции в 5 часов вечера, не так ли?) No, we hadn't.

Упражнение 1. Поставьте общие вопросы к данным предложениям. Дайте ответы на заданные вопросы.

Образец: Professors deliver lectures at the Institute.

Do professors deliver lectures at the Institute? Yes, they do.

1. They have two children. 2. She has a brother. 3. The students are in the reading-hall. 4. My friends will go to the theatre tomorrow. 5. She went home an hour ago.

Упражнение 2. Поставьте специальные вопросы к следующим предло­жениям. Начинайте вопрос с вопросительного слова, данного в скобках.

Образец: I read books every day (what) What do I read every day?

1. She reads very quickly, (how) 2. I entered the Institute at the age of 18. (when) 3. He usually spends his holidays in the country, (where) 4. They will go to the Institute in the morning, (who) 5. We wake up at seven o'clock in the morning, (when)

Упражнение 3. Поставьте вопросы к выделенным словам.

1. My brother entered the Institute last year. 2. We shall graduate from the Institute in six years. 3. All our students take an active part in social life. 4. Kiev is his native town. 5. She is reading a book now.

Упражнение 4. Поставьте вопросы ко всем членам предложения.

1. Не is nineteen years old. 2. I shall become a doctor in six years.

Упражнение 5. Ответьте на следующие вопросы.

1. Are you a student of the Medical Faculty? 2. You live in Moscow, don't you? 3. When were you born? 4. Where were you born? 5. Do you live in the hostel or at home? 6. Do you go to the library every day?

Упражнение 6. Укажите, в каких предложениях выделенное слово явля­ется сказуемым.

1. The study of anatomy is very important. 2. The bones form the skeleton of the body. 3. Bones of the skeleton have many forms. 4. Physiologists study the functions of the body. 5. The Latin word «cranium» means the skull. 6. An experiment is a means of investigation.

(Ответы: 2, 4, 5.)