III. Работа над грамматическими моделями. Направлена на развитие компетенции ОК-6- 45 мин

а) Изучите формы причастий, значение и употребление Present Participle

грамматический справочник “Human Anatomy”, учебное пособие, ВолгГМУ, 2011

Упражнение 1. Переведите следующие предложения с причастиями I—II. Определите функции причастий.

1. Examining coagulating blood upon a slide by means of the ultrami-croscope, it is possible to see small masses of coagulum. 2. Lymphocytes fight disease producing antibodies and thus destroying foreign material. 3. Methoxamine and phenylephrine are vasopressors that, when given intravenously, elevate systemic vascular resistance. 4. The contraction and relaxation processes in vascular smooth muscle display more differ­ences than similarities when compared with those in skeletal and cardiac muscle. 5. The patient examined complained of severe headache.

Упражнение 2. Замените следующие придаточные предложения причаст­ными оборотами, оставив союзные слова when, while, if. Переведите эти предложения.

Образец 1: When the ward doctor examines his patients, he usually

When examining his patients the ward doctor usually checks up their blood pressure.

1. When leucocytes arrive at the wound, they leave the blood stream. 2. While leucocytes engulf the bacteria within their own protoplasm, they wage war on the invaders. 3. When muscles contract, they exert a milking effect on the blood vessels which they contain.

Образец 2: When people are hospitalized, they undergo a thorough medical examination.

When hospitalized, people undergo a thorough medical examination.

1. When the heart muscle is stimulated, it contracts. 2. Medical treat­ment must be more useful if it is applied immediately. 3. Certain drugs may cause serious harm if they are used without doctor's permission.

Упражнение З. Определите независимый причастный оборот в следующих предложениях. Переведите предложения.

1.There is a great deal of difference in the phagocyte activity of cor­puscles concerning such substances as carbon and quartz particles, the former being ingested much more rapidly than the latter. 2. During the experiment the node and all efferent vessels were cleaned, care being taken to avoid trauma to the structures. 3. The heart is a double pump, the volumes expelled by the right and left ventricles being the same.

4. The experiment having been finished, we were ready to discuss it.

5. Diastole is the relaxation phase of the heartbeat, the atria and ventri­cles filling with blood.

б) повторите способы употребления both, both... and.

Упражнение 4. Переведите следующие предложения. Определите, какую функцию выполняют слова both, both... and.

1. When performing a transfusion, it is ideal to have both donor and recipient of the same blood group. 2. The teacher showed us the picture of the heart in both systolic and diastolic phases. 3. The pleural surface normally has the tissue on both sides. 4. Heart rate, arterial pressure and cardiac output were examined in both groups of patients. 5. Both blood and lymph protect the body carrying disease-fighting cells (phagocytes) ^and protein substances called antibodies which combat infection.

6. Both the diaphragm and the ribs move rhythmically and regularly
during respiration.

Упражнение 5. Напишите глаголы, от которых образованы следующие существительные. Переведите их.

inhalation, exhalation, respiration, expansion, exertion, contraction, construction, action, acceleration

Упражнение 6. Прочтите и переведите следующие гнезда слов.

1. to decrease, to increase, decreased, increasing; 2. to participate, participation, participant, participating; 3. to accelerate, acceleration, accelerated, accelerating; 4. to assist, assistance, assistant, assisting; 5. to contract, contraction, contractility, contractile, contracted

Упражнение 7. Прочтите и переведите следующие сочетания слов.

increasing the size of smth, the increased capacity, the contraction of certain muscles, an expansion of the lung, accelerated respiration, to assist in producing inspirations

IV. Просмотрите текст А и скажите, что в нем сказано о движении мышц при дыхании. 45 мин Направлена на развитие компетенции ОК-5; ПК-48.

Text A