Inventors and their inventions1. Over the centuries man’s way of life was changed by a relatively small number of discoveries and inventions. 2.But changes have come more and more often since the steam engine was invented in 1765 by James Watt. 3.In just two hundred years, man advanced from horse power and candle light to aeroplanes and neon lamps. 4.Our ideas about travel have changed completely since Gotlif Daimler and Charles Benz built their first petrol engine in 1885, and the Wright Brothers made the first flight in 1903. 5.In 1897 Rudolf Diesel invented a new internal combustion engine. 6.It is known as a diesel, and it began a transport revolution in cars, trains, and ships. 7.Charles Rolles was a British aristocrat and businessman who was especially interested in cars. 8.Once he met another enthusiast Henry Royce a famous car engineer. 9.They decided to design the most comfortable and reliable car. 10.At the beginning of the 20-th century it was a fantasy. 11.But in 1907 they managed to create the world - famous Rolles – Royce car. 12.Samuel Colt who was an American designed and patented a pistol in 1836. 13.It had a revolving barrel and could fire 6 bullets one after another. 14.Samuel Finley Morse was a portrait painter who became an inventor. 15.For 12 years he tried to perfect the telegraph and succeeded in inventing the telegraphic dot-and-dash alphabet known as Morse code, that is used nowadays all over the world.
II. Найдите соответствия между словами в правой и левой колонках:
III. Переведите глаголы и дайте их 2 и 3 формы: To be, to have, to build, to make, to know, to begin, to meet IV. Выберите правильный вариант: 1. Discoveries and inventions _________ the life of a man. a)tried b)succeeded c)changed d)began 2. An internal combustion engine was _______ by Rudolf Diesel a)invented b)invents c)inventing d)invent 3. The _________ of a car was a fantasy at the beginning of the 20-th century. a)designing b)discovering c)changing d)knowing 4. It was _________ who invented the steam engine. a)Rudolf Diesel b)James Watt c)Samuel Morse d)Henry Royce V. Выберите правильный вариант перевода следующих предложений: 1. S. Morse succeeded in inventing telegraphic alphabet. a)Успех С. Морзе заключался в изобретении телеграфного алфавита. b)С. Морзе преуспел в изобретении телеграфного алфавита. c)С. Морзе успешно изобрёл телеграфный алфавит. 2. The invention of steam engine gave birth to a large number of other discoveries and inventions. a)Изобретение бензинового двигателя породило большое число открытий и изобретений. b)Изобретение парового двигателя дало толчок к дальнейшим открытиям и изобретениям. c)Изобретение парового двигателя породило большое количество других открытий и изобретений. 3. Morse code was not the only one in America at that time. a)Азбука Морзе была не единственной в Америке в то время. b)В Америке существовала только азбука Морзе. c)Одна азбука, которая существовала в Америке в то время, была азбука Морзе. VI. Найдите в тексте существительные во множественном числе и переведите их. VII. Найдите в тексте и переведите предложения: a)со сказуемым в Present Perfect b)в страдательном залоге. VIII. Прочитайте предложение №11. Как переводится глагол “succeed in”? IX. Найдите предложения с прилагательными в сравнительной и превосходной степени. Переведите их.
I. Прочитайте и переведите текст.
1.James Clerk Maxwell, the great physicist and mathematician was born in Edinburgh, Scotland on November 13, 1831. 2.After school he entered the University of that city. 3.Then he attended the University of Cambridge and graduated from it in 1854. 4.At the University Maxwell took great interest in mathematics and optics. 5.For two years after the University he lectured, made experiments in optics and studied much himself. 6.In 1856 he became professor of natural philosophy and in 1860 professor of physics and astronomy at King's College, London. 7.In 1871 Maxwell became professor of experimental physics at Cambridge. 8.He organized a laboratory which made Cambridge world-known. 9.This was a very fruitful period of Maxwell's life. 10.He studied the problems of electromagnetism, molecular physics, optics, mechanics and others. 11.Maxwell wrote his first scientific work when he was fifteen. 12.His most outstanding investigations however are in the field of the kinetic theory of gases and electricity. 13.Maxwell is the founder of the electromagnetic field and the electromagnetic theory of light. 14.In 1873 he published his famous work on electricity and magnetism, he also wrote his classic " Matter and Motion", a small book on a great subject. 15.Maxwell's works on the kinetic theory of gases, the theory of heat, dynamics and the mathematical theory of electricity and magnetism are monuments to his great genius.
II. Найдите соответствия между словами в правой и левой колонках:
III. Согласитесь (Yes, it is true) или опровергните (No, it is false) данные утверждения. Если они не соответствуют тексту, дайте правильный вариант: 1.Maxwell is a great physicist and mathematician. 2.Maxwell studied at Edinburg University. 3.Maxwell made experiments in mathematics. 4.In 1856 Maxwell became professor of physics. 5.In Oxford Maxwell organized a laboratory. 6.Maxwell wrote his first scientific work when he was 16. 7.Maxwell’s most outstanding investigations are in the field of the kinetic theory of gases. 8.Maxwell was interested in the problems of electricity and magnetism. 9.Maxwell’s book is “Matter and Motion”.
IV. Ответьте на вопросы. 1.What is Maxwell? 2.When and where was he born? 3.Where did Maxwell study? 4.What University did Maxwell graduate from? 5.What did Maxwell organize in Cambridge? 6.What sciences did Maxwell take interest in? 7.How old was Maxwell when he wrote his first scientific work? 8.Is Maxwell the founder of the electromagnetic theory of light? 9.What is Maxwell’s famous work? 10. What theories are the monuments of Maxwell great genius?
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JAMES CLERK MAXWELL (1831-1879)
