Practise reading the following words and collocations. (CORPORATION) PROFIT TAX IN RUSSIA

a) procedure; budget; municipal; through; source; within; whatever; compliance; legislature; automatically; drawback; relatively

b) significant changes; foreign legal entity; fright expenses; Permanent Establishment; prior year losses; the Joint Stock Company; the Limited Liability Company; juridical and natural persons; the due tax amount and respective interest; unstable financial state

c) Royalties from patents; may be sheltered with; tax is levied on; forms incorporated by; subject to taxation; submit the accounting reports; filled out income statements; due to; through restructuring the debt; through filing for bankruptcy

(CORPORATION) PROFIT TAX IN RUSSIA

Chapter 25 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation took effect on 1 January 2002 and introduced significant changes to the procedure for (corporation) profit tax. It is imposed as an obligation on taxpayers to conduct separate tax accounting.

According to Chapter 25 the (corporation) profit tax is reduced from 35 % to 24 %:

- 7.5 % of the (corporation) profit tax goes to the federal budget;

- 14.5 % goes to the budget of the RF subject;

- 2 % goes to the local budget

Moscow City Duma can lower the tax rate (down to minimum 10.5 %) on the income part, which is meant for the city budget, for certain categories of tax payers.

Capital gains are usually taxed at the (corporation) profit tax rate of 24 %, but some types of gain in the hands of foreign legal entities are taxed at 20 %.

There are also withholding taxes as follows: dividends 6 % (15 % if either the payer or recipient of the dividends is a foreign legal entity); interest 20 %; but certain types of state and municipal securities attract a rate of only 15 %; fright expenses 10 %, but only if the payer does not have a Permanent Establishment in Russia; royalties from patent, know-how technologies, etc. 20 %. 30% of any current year profits may be sheltered with prior year losses. There is no tax credit with the domestic 6 % dividend tax, but if a Russian legal entity pays the dividend onwards to its own investor, this is untaxed.

The (corporation) profit tax is levied on Russian legal entities and foreign legal entities that carry on business activity in Russia through permanent establishment and / or receive income from sources in Russia. Russian Legal Entities (as the Joint Stock Company or the Limited Liability Company – business forms incorporated by foreign owners) are taxed on their worldwide income. There is no consolidation or group relief for tax purposes; each company within a group is a separate taxpayer. A permanent establishment of a foreign legal entity in Russia is taxed on Russia – source income, which includes income from whatever source.

All entities and individuals subject to taxation must register at the Federal Tax Service departments and submit the accounting reports and fill out income statements, pay the required taxes and other dues, according to the Tax Code of the Russian Federation. Federal Tax Service departments are monitoring the payments for each tax category and the compliance with the tax legislature.

In case a taxpayer has not complied with the current tax regulations, he (she) is subjected to the full due tax payment, interest and fine determined by the Tax Code of the Russian Federation. If the juridical person does not comply with the Tax Code requirments, then the due tax amount and respective interest are collected automatically, the fine is collected through court.

In case an organization has not been able to submit full payments into the budget due to certain drawbacks in its operations, unstable financial state and lack of funds for a relatively long period of time, this matter can be solved through restructuring the debt (on the condition that current payment are submitted) or through filing for bankruptcy.