Unit 12. 1.Read the tongue– twisters as fast as you can
1.Read the tongue– twisters as fast as you can a) Six sick hicks nick six slick bricks with picks and sticks. b) Whether the weather be fine or where the weather be not. Whether the weather be cold or whether the weather be not. We’ll weather the weather whether we like it or not. 2. Read and translate the text Labor– Management Conflict For reasons of political issues that go back more than a hundred years, this concept is used somewhat differently in different countries. In the U.S., the term “labor– management conflict” generally refers to disputes between an employer and a group of employees, while a conflict between an employer and a single employee acting alone is usually referred to as an “employment” dispute. An organized labor union is usually involved in labor– management conflicts, though these conflicts can be as basic as two employees approaching a supervisor with a shared complaint about overtime or some other working condition. Initially, conflict may arise when an employer refuses to recognize a union as representative of its employees; in the U.S., these disputes are usually resolved by an employee election supervised by a government agency. More common are contract disputes and grievances. Contract disputes occur when a union contract covering a group of employees is about to expire and the parties disagree about the terms of a new one. Usually wages, health insurance, and other economic issues are at the center of these conflicts, but sometimes they are about other issues, such as seniority, hours, sick leave, overtime, etc. Grievances are objections that employees make about the way an employer is handling an existing contract. A typical grievance accuses the employer of doing something that violates the union contract, such as firing an employee without “just cause”. The union and employer will often negotiate at successively higher levels until the grievance is resolved by the union dropping it, by management conceding it, or by a compromise. Grievances which cannot be resolved by negotiation are typically submitted to arbitration for a final decision; some contracts also use mediation. 3.Answer the questions: How do you define this conflict? Does it take place within a workplace? Who is involved in a labor– management conflict? When does this type of conflict occur? What economic issues usually provoke sush conflicts? How are grievances resolved? What does the employee make if the employer violates his/her union contract? 4. Match the following words with the translation: labor– жалоба shared– старшинство, трудовой стаж grievance– возражение, протест complaint– труд firing– заработная плата to expire– уступать to accuse– подчиняться to violate– прекращать to negotiate– обвинять wage– увольнение seniority– обоюдный objection– недовольство to drop– нарушать to concedе– истекать (о сроке) to submit– вести переговоры
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