Text B. Robert Koch

Robert Koch is a prominent German bacteriologist, the founder of modern microbiology. He was born in 1843, died in 1910. When Koch became a doctor he carried on many experiments on mice (мышах) in a small laboratory. In 1882 Koch discovered tuberculosis bacilli. In his report made in the Berlin Physiological Society Koch described in detail the morphology of tuberculosis bacilli and the ways to reveal them. Due to his discovery Koch became known all over the world. In 1884 Koch published his book on cholera. This book included the investigations of his research work carried out during the cholera epidemic in Egypt and India. From the intestines of the men with cholera Koch isolated a small comma-shaped (в виде запятой) bacterium. He determined that these bacteria spread through drinking water. In 1905 Koch got the Nobel prize for his important scientific discoveries.

LESSON 25

HOME ASSIGNMENTS

1. Прочтите данные предложения, обращая внимание на то, чем затеняются модальные глаголы. Запомните эти заменители-эквиваленты:

 

A. Не can do this work. = Не could do this work. =

Б. He may do this work. =

B. He must do this work. =

He is able to do this work. He was able to do this work. He will be able to do this work. He is allowed to do this work. He will be allowed to do this work. He has to do this work. He had to do this work. He will have to do this work.

I. Чем могут быть заменены модальные глаголы can, may, must? 2. Как изменяются эквиваленты по временам? 3. Как строятся отрицательная и вопросительная формы при эквиваленте to have to?

II. Поставьте сказуемые в будущем времени (письменно):

1. The scientist can prove his investigations. 2. The patient may walk. 3. The nurse must feed the infant.

III. Поставьте предложения в отрицательной, а затем в вопросительной форме (письменно):

1. The patient was able to fall asleep after taking the medicine. 2. We had to summarize and analyse all the findings of our observations. 3. The fifth-year students will be allowed to operate on the patients by themselves.

IV. Напишите сложные слова путем сочетания неопределенных мес­тоимений 'some', 'any', 'no', 'every' со словами 'thing', 'body' '(one)', 'where'. Переведите их и проверьте себя по таблице 9.

V. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на выделенные слова:

1. " Somebody has just come to see you, " said the nurse. 2. Something new

has been found out during this experiment. 3. We shall go somewhere on Sunday. 4. Have you discovered anything new during the examination? 5. Has the doctor seen anybody already? 6. Did you go anywhere last summer? 7. The scientist did not observe anythingnew. 8. My friend did not see anybody there. 9. Someone must count the number of the red blood cells. 10. Has anyone already accomplished the research work? 11. Nobody was discharged from the hospital yesterday. 12. Nothing interesting was proved. 13. He could find this book nowhere.

VI. * Переведите слова, данные в скобках, а затем переведите предложения:

1. (Все) understood well the significance of this problem. 2. (Никто) felt tiredness after a long walk. 3. Can you see (что-нибудь) on the lateral surface of the right lower extremity? 4. Does the pain spread (куда-нибудь) when you breathe in? 5. There is (ничего) new about the process of inhibition in the report.

VII. 1. Прочтите текст С. 2. Найдите и переведите а) незнакомые слова (выучите их); б) предложения с заменителями модальных глаголов и в) предложения с производными от неопределенных местоимений. 3. Выпишите английские эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний:

чтобы доказать это явление; во много раз меньше, чем; немногим более 70 лет тому назад