Заполните пропуски в предложениях, используя приведенные слова

 

accumulation ^accumulate accumulate

1. Fossil fuels were formed as a result of the... of vegetable matter.

144_____________________________________________ Unit 6

2. These fossil fuels are organic materials that... in the geologic
past.

3. Coal, for example, deposited from vegetable remains... in
swamp (болото) areas millions of years ago.

4. As is known, any natural... of mineral of some volume in the
Earth's crust is a mineral deposit.

11. Прочитайте следующие предложения. Найдите в каждом из них
группу «подлежащее — сказуемое». Определите, чем выражено подлежащее.
Переведите предложения:

1. Using coal as a fuel began in the twelfth century.

2. Extracting useful minerals by underground methods will con­
tinue in future.

3. Winning coal from deep horizons is difficult due to high tem­
peratures.

4. Producing oil from shale has been successfully carried out for
many years.

12. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод выделенных
слов:

1. Electricity is a source of light as well as of heat.

2. As igneous rocks and their veins are rich in mineral deposits,
they are very important to man.

3. As is known, fossils are found in sedimentary rocks although
they may be found in igneous rocks as well.

4. Mine cars are unloaded (разгружать) as they pass through a
loading point.

5. As far as petroleum is concerned it is associated with water
and natural gas.

6. Nowadays natural gas is utilized as a raw material for manu­
facturing synthetics.

7. As a rule open-cast mining is used when the deposit lies near
the surface.

13. Прочитайте следующие предложения. Обратите внимание на пере-вод
герундия с предлогами by, for, in, of, он, without:

1. The progress in the coal industry was achieved by mechaniz­
ing and re-equipping underground operations.

2. Brown coal and lignite are used as raw materials for produc­
ing coke and chemical products.

3. The problem of extracting geothermal energy is under con­
sideration now.

Unit 6______________________________________________ 145

4. On re-utilizing the wastes (отходы) it will be possible to
make the extractive industries more efficient.

5. Geologists have got good results in prospecting for mineral
resources in the sea.

14. а) Назовите, в каких предложениях употреблен герундий. Укажите
определяющие его признаки:

1. Charcoal is used for producing high grades of cast iron.

2. Coke is formed in the process of heating certain grades of coal
in the absence of air.

3. New concentration plants have been built for the processing of
non-ferrous and ferrous metals.

 

4. Many minerals undergo changes by taking water in their
molecule.

5. The form of a mineral body is taken into consideration in
selecting the method of mining.

6. In prospecting for useful minerals, aerial photography will
play an important part.

 

7. Using modern mining equipment allowed the miners to in­
crease the output of coal.

8. The training of mining specialists now takes place in proxim­
ity to industrial enterprises.

9. It is difficult to understand the nature of fossils without study­
ing their origin.