1. Generally speaking, the most basic problem economics is
concerned with is.... It means that....
2. The three fundamental economic questions every economic
system must answer are....
3. At the same time it is necessary to take into account the
main types of economic systems. They are....
4. It should be stressed that there are four primary economic
goals that a society aims to achieve. They are....
5. Economic resources are means of producing an output of
goods and services. They include....
6. Economics operates on two levels,... and....
7. In free-market economies all decisions about resource
allocation are made by....
13. а) Познакомьтесь со схемой и назовите по-русски три основные про
блемы, которые должна решать каждая экономическая система.
What Basic Questions Must Every Economic System Resolve?
| WHAT
|
| HOW
|
| FOR WHOM
|
| to produce
|
| to produce
|
| to produce
|
| The economic system
|
| The economic system
|
| The economic system
|
| must decide what goods
|
| must decide how to
|
| must decide which
|
| and services to produce
|
| produce each good or
|
| members of society will
|
| with its land, labour, and
|
| service — determining
|
| receive how much of the
|
| capital.
|
| what mix of land, labour,
|
| goods and services
|
|
|
| and capital to use in
|
| produced — the process
|
|
|
| production and what
|
| of allocating income.
|
|
|
| production methods to
|
|
|
|
|
| employ.
|
|
|
Б) Каждая из приведенных ниже ситуаций требует решения одного из трех основных вопросов экономики. Скажите, какой экономический вопрос решается в каждой ситуации.
l.The Parliament debates how much money to allocate to education programs and space projects.
2. Management at a major machine-building plant decides to modernize technology.
Unit 10
3. The government debates the issue of increasing welfare payments and programs.
14. а) Познакомьтесь с приведенной ниже схемой • назовите четыре экономические цели, которых стремится достичь любое общество. В чем суть каждой цели?
| » GOALS
|
|
| ^
|
| PRINCIPALLY ECONOMIC GOALS
|
|
| Efficiency
| Price Stability
| Full Emolovment
| Growth
|
|
| Obtaining the
| It is desirable to
| It is best to have
| Economic growth
|
|
| maximum
| have the overall
| an unemployment
| comes from an
|
|
| amount of output
| level of prices for
| level of not more
| increase in the
|
|
| per unit of input
| goods and
| than 4% or 5%,
| production
|
|
| helps in
| services remain
| considered full
| capacity of the
|
|
| overcoming
| relatively constant.
| employment.
| economy.
|
|
| scarcity.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| SOCIO-ECONOMIC GOALS
|
| Environmental Protection
|
Financial Security
|
| Economic Equity
|
| Economic Justice
|
| Economic Freedom
|
|
|
|
