Ex. 6 Insert the missing information

1 A tree grows both in height ….

2 Branches of a tree stretch skyward to get ….

3 … – everything leaves mark on these parts of a tree.

4 In the spring, buds swell and are ….

5 Bark protects the tree against ….

6 Tree roots serve to anchor the tree in the soil so that the first windstorm …

 

Ex. 7 Answer the questions.

1 What are the main parts of a tree?

2 What are the main functions of branches?

3 For what reason are annual rings known as super biological indicators?

4 Why do buds appear on a tree in August?

5 Why are tree roots often compared to a sponge?

6 What disasters does the bark protect a tree against?

 

Ex.8 Read and translate the supplementary text

How do leaves change color?

As the Earth makes its 365-day journey around the sun, some parts of the planet will get fewer hours of sunlight at certain times of the year. In those regions, the days become shorter and the nights grow longer. The temperature slowly drops. Autumn comes, and then winter.

Trees respond to the decreasing amount of sunlight by producing less and less chlorophyll. Eventually, a tree stops producing chlorophyll. When that happens, the carotenoid already in the leaves can finally show through. The leaves become a bright rainbow of glowing yellows, sparkling oranges and warm browns.

 

Text 3 Trees in winter

Vocabulary

Beech – бук, буковое дерево;

oak – дуб;

fir – пихта, ель;

spruce – ель;

cedar – кедр;

tamarack – лиственница американская;

pine – сосна;

unawares (to catch unawares) – неожиданно, врасплох (застать врасплох);

shrivel (shriveled leaves) – сморщиваться, съёживаться (сморщенные листья);

to spot – замечать;

to rot – гнить;

to decompose – разлагаться;

nutrients – питательные вещества;

germinate – прорастать;

to come up with – придумать;

Ex.1 Make sure that you read the following words properly.

To appear, actually, entire, beech, unawares, to shrivel, surrounding, to decompose, nutrient, sudden temperature changes, to develop, development, conifer, coniferous, needle, fir, spruce, essential refuge, source, wildlife, branch, mature, enough, squirrel.

 

Ex. 2 Give the English equivalents to the following words and phrases.

Появляться, в конце зимы, всю зиму, набухать, деревья твёрдой породы, лиственные деревья, ронять листья, ясень, дуб, гнить, разлагаться, через много лет, питательные вещества, хвойные деревья, игла, ель, пихта, источник питания, дикая природа, в отличие от лиственных деревьев, цвести, семя, наносить серьёзный ущерб деревьям, шишка, клён, груша, посадить дерево.

 

Ex. 3 Read the text.

Trees in winter