Grammar Review
Ex. 1. Read the sentences and translate them, paying attention to the Gerund. State the syntactic function of the Gerund. 1. Laying rails took much time before the invention of a track-laying machine. 2. Developing high-speed services by using trains capable of traveling at up to 250-300 km/h is one of the priority tasks of Russian Railways. 3. A porter is a person whose job is carrying people’s bags and other loads, especially at a railway station, an airport or in a hotel. 4. I don’t understand why the machine stopped working. 5. Suddenly, the engine began making a strange noise. 6. Automatic control system makes the driver’s work easier, allows reducing the train crew, and ensures high degree of safety. 7. I can’t insist on your staying a little longer as you risk missing the last train. 8. Research has focused on improving the car’s aerodynamics. 9. In 1996, several Asian countries established the Pan-Asian railway organization with the aim of uniting their individual railways into a continuous network. 10. The method of controlling the movement of all trains on a line from a central point is called Centralized Traffic Control. 11. In Russia, many people had doubts (сомневаться) about the possibility of using steam locomotives in winter. 12. Before putting the new trains into operation, the engineers are to test them on а specially built track. 13. On entering the compartment, a man introduced himself to his fellow travelers. 14. Passengers get access to the Metro platform by passing through turnstiles that require payment. 15. As all the railways in Britain have a standard gauge now, passengers are able to travel over several lines without changing trains. 16. The first steps in designing automatic engine driver for heavy high-speed trains were made in the 1960s. 17. Fences and other devices are built for protecting the tracks against snow and for keeping the livestock away from the railway.
Ex. 2. Complete the sentences with a required Gerund. Verbs given in the box below may be helpful to you. 1. The number of workers was minimized after ___ the new equipment. 2. The motor has broken from ___. 3. Freight trains are loaded and unloaded in freight yards by ___ cranes. 4. Snow prevented workers from ___ the broken pipeline. 5. Automatic train signaling (автоматические устройства сигнализации) is a system used for ___ railway traffic to prevent trains from ___. 6. ___ fuel supply caused serious trouble in the engine. 7. Diesel locos are able to work for a long time without ___. 8. Engineers are trying to find the ways of the ___ cost of ___ railways. 9. Having worked at the railway for several years, Paul gained much experience (опыт) in ___ electric locomotives. 10. Automatic ticket-vending machines have been developed for ___ passengers’ service at railway stations.
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