Прочитайте текст и переведите его на русский язык в письменной форме.

How does economy develop?

1. If we try to draw а picture of the total economy as it changes over time we shall hаvе the following:

These ups and downs representing "the life" of an economic system are called the business cycle. Еасh of them is а phase in the сусlе characterized bу its own peculiarities.

2. Peak times. During peak time economy is doing very well. Реорlе are working hard and are getting' high wages. Goods are being delivered to the stores оn time and in sufficient quantities and consumers are spending their money buying аll sorts of things. Firms are making profit, banks are giving loans to реорlе, реорlе are setting uр small businesses and services are being provided everywhere and at low prices.

3. Recession. But, as history shows, after а peak period there usually comes а downward turn into а recession. Salesare decreasing. Business firms are cutting back оn their activities. Fewer things are being produced and more workers are laid off. Not only the business firms are cutting down their work but also their suppliers. They produce less and lау off their workers. People losing their jobs spend less money, other workers fear that they might lose their jobs, too. Soon consumers in general are spending less, and business declines even more.

4. Trough. Usually аll recessions sooner or later reach а bottom (i.e. the trough of the сусlе) and then things start changing for the better. Firms stop laying off workers and begin ordering.more and more supplies. Customers start buying more and the economic situation is beginning to improve.

5. Recovery. It is an increase in business activity which results in increased employment, greater consumer spending, more intensive cash flow and, of course, the beginning of another round of а business сусlе.

2. Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты английских слов и словосочетаний:

1) to deliver goods 2) to give a loan   3) to set up a business 4) to decrease sales 5) to provide services 6) to order supplies 7) to lay off workers 8) to spend money   9) peak time 10) recession 11) business cycle 12) trough of the cycle 13) recovery 14) consumer 15) supplier 16) cash flow 17) a business firm

a) уменьшить объем продаж b) цикл деловой активности; экономический цикл c) поставщик d) оживление, подъем e) период наивысшего подъема f) потребитель g) выдать ссуду, заём h) движение денежной массы (наличности) i) коммерческая фирма j) создать, учредить предприятие k) доставлять товары l) заказывать сырье и материалы; m) низшая точка цикла n) увольнять рабочих o) тратить деньги p) спад (экономический) q) оказывать услуги

 

3. Переведите на русский язык интернационализмы, встречающиеся в тексте “How does economy develop?”:

еconomy, economic, system, cycle, element, business, peak, sort, service, period, activity, result, firm, characterize.

 

Найдите соответствующие ответы на вопросы и напишите их в той последовательности, в которой вопросы поставлены.

Вопросы:

1. What elements does the business cycle consist of?

2. What are the peculiarities of peak time?

3. What firms cut back on their activities during recession?

4. What happens when recession reaches a bottom i.e. the trough of the cycle?

5. What does recovery result in?

Ответы:

а) increased employment, greater consumer spending, more intensive cash flow.

b) firms stop laying off workers and begin ordering more supplies.

c) peak, recession, trough, recovery.

d) higher wages, greater consumer spending, sufficient quantity of goods, setting up small businesses, high profits, giving loans to people.

e) business firms and their suppliers.

 

5. Закончите предложение, выбрав соответствующий вариант окончания:

1. Each phase in the cycle is characterized by… 2. All recessions sooner or later reach… 3. A peak period turns downward into…

a) …a bottom (i.e. the trough of the cycle). b) …a recession.   c) …its own particularities. d) …ups and downs of an economic system.