I. Предтекстовые упражнения. I.1. Подчеркните в каждом предложении слова, входящие в состав субъектного инфинитивного оборота

I.1. Подчеркните в каждом предложении слова, входящие в состав субъектного инфинитивного оборота. Переведите эти предложения.

1. Spontaneous bleeding as the most frequent complication of heparin administration is most likely to occur in patients older than 60.

2. The drug is known to cause hypertension if used for prolonged periods.

3. The patients should be told to wash hands thoroughly before applying ophthalmic products.

4. These agents were reported to induce hypersensitivity reactions and itching.

5. Elderly patients are likely to be taking drugs that interact with antacids.

6. Toxicity is rare, but long–term daily ingestion of the drug for longer than one month is likely to result in liver damage.

7. Caffeine taken in conjunction with salicylates appears to enhance the analgesic effect.

10. For many years, Vitamin B complex was thought to be one vitamin, but it is now known to be at least a dozen different vitamins.

11. The use of «Nif–Ten» is unlikely to result in any impairment of the ability of patients to drive or operate machinery.

12. Elderly patients appear to have an allergic response to some analgesics, benzodiazepines, and warfarin.

I.2. Обведите кружком номера предложений, в которых инфинитив выполняет функцию части сложного дополнения (объектной инфинитивной конструкции) и переведите эти предложения.

1. Formation of a coordination compound causes hemoglobin to lose its ability to carry oxygen.

2. The use of an ointment causes the skin to soften.

3. A pharmacist should warn the patients not to take this drug after meals.

4. The solution must contain an acidic substance to have pH below 7.

5. Pharmacists can provide recommendations to exclude unnecessary drug therapy and to avoid potential drug interaction.

6. The solution was allowed to react in the dark with 40 ml of 0.005M NBS solution for 15 minutes.

7. Some antibiotics make the cell walls of bacteria burst.

8. Tell the patients to have regular meals when taking the drug orally.

9. Aspirin is thought to be the cause of Reye’s syndrome in children.

10. Antiviral drugs can make the viruses to stop replicating.

 

I.3. Переведите эти предложения.

1. Stir the liquid well for the powder to dissolve completely.

2. Roll the vial between the palms of your hands for insulin to distribute uniformly throughout the liquid.

3. Use an occlusive film for the cream not to stain your clothing.

4. Drug package inserts are for the patients to use and store the drugs properly.

5. Metered systems in aerosol containers are for the user to measure an accurate dose.

6. For the children not to get access to the contents, child–resistant containers are used as an extra safety measure.

I.4. Замените эти простые предложения с инверсионным порядком слов соответствующими сложноподчиненными предложениями.

1. Should any liquid enter the pharyngeal cavity, slight throat irritation may result.

2. Had the patient been compliant, serious damage to his health could have been avoided.

3. Should adverse reactions to the drug be recorded, they must be reported to the local or regional Boards of Pharmacy.

4. Should rash appear, the cream should be discontinued.

5. Should any side effects occur, the dosage will have to be reduced.

6. Had the drug been tested on large groups of population, its safety would cause fewer doubts.

 

I.5. Прослушайте текст, в котором говорится о канцерогенезе, обусловленном действием химических веществ и дайте ответы на следующие вопросы.

1. What kinds of tumors can carcinogens produce?

2. What factors can play a role in carcinogenesis?

3. What human carcinogens were named in the text?

4. What is the current theory on the mechanism of chemically induced tumors?

 

I.6. Прочтите следующие вопросы и дайте ответы на них.

1. What does the word «kinetics» mean? How do you interpret the term «pharmacokinetics»?

2. What processes are embraced by the term?

3. What does the drug “do” when it is absorbed?

4. What factors affect distribution of the drug throughout the body?

5. Where does metabolism, or biotransformation of the drug occur in the body?

6. Which is more active: a parent drug or its metabolites?

7. What kinds of biochemical reactions occur in metabolism?

8. What can drug metabolism be influenced by?

9. What routes of drug excretion do you know? Which is the major route?

10. What does the term «clearance» mean? Why is it important? What organs in the body perform drug clearance?