The Subjective Infinitive Construction
Конструкция «сложное подлежащее» или «субъектный инфинитивный оборот»
В таком предложении подлежащее сложное и состоит из существительного и инфинитива, между которыми встаёт «формальное» сказуемое (чаще всего в страдательном залоге).
подлежащее
Обратите внимание, что формальное сказуемое переводится вводными словами (как говорят, как известно и т.п.) или неопределенно-личным предложением с последующим союзом что, а инфинитив — сказуемым.
«Субъектный инфинитивный оборот» употребляется с глаголами, обозначающими утверждение, знание, физическое восприятие, просьбу, приказание, которые могут стоять в любом времени в страдательном залоге, а именно:
Конструкция «Сложное подлежащее» может употребляться также в сочетании с некоторыми непереходными глаголами, которые могут стоять в действительном залоге, а именно: to seem, to appear — казаться (в составе этой конструкции — «по-видимому», «кажется») to prove, to turn out — оказаться (в составе этой конструкции — «оказывается», «оказалось») to happen — случаться (в составе этой конструкции — «случается», «случалось») to be likely — вероятно to be unlikely — вряд ли to be sure, to be certain — быть уверенным (в составе этой конструкции — «наверняка»)
Для выражения залоговых и видовых значений в «Субъектном инфинитивном обороте» используются различные видовые и залоговые формы инфинитива: Indefinite Infinitive выражает действие, одновременное с действием, выраженным сказуемым предложения:
Continuous Infinitive выражает действие как процесс, протекающий одновременно с действием, выраженным сказуемым предложения:
Perfect Infinitive выражает действие, совершенное ранее действия, выраженного сказуемым, и переводится на русский язык формой глагола в прошедшем времени:
Упр. 1. Напишите эти предложения, используя инфинитивную конструкцию, как показано в модели: It is expected that the strike will end soon. The strike is expected to end soon….. 1. It is expected that the weather will be good tomorrow. The weather is.......................................................................................... 2. It is believed that the thieves got in through the kitchen window. The thieves................................................................................................ 3. It is reported that many people are homeless after the floods. Many people.............................................................................................. 4. It is thought that the prisoner escaped by climbing over a wall. The prisoner............................................................................................... 5. It is alleged that the man drove through the town at 90 miles an hour. The man is.................................................................................................. 6. It is reported that the building has been badly damaged by fire. The building................................................................................................ 7. a) It is said that the company is losing a lot of money. The company............................................................................................... b) It is believed that the company lost a lot of money last year. The company........................................................................................... с) It is expected that the company will lose money this year. The company...........................................................................................
He doesn’t like to ask questions (задавать вопросы...). He doesn’t like to be asked questions (когда ему задают вопросы...). I am glad to have invited him (что пригласил его). I am glad to have been invited (что меня пригласили).
I am happy to help you (помочь / помогать). I am happy to be helping you (что я сейчас помогаю). I am glad to have helped him (что я помог). I am glad to have been working with you all these years (что все эти годы я работаю с вами). I am sorry to trouble you (мне неприятно, что я вас беспокою). I am sorry to have troubled you (мне неприятно, что я вас побеспокоил).
Упр. 1. Выберите самый подходящий глагол (подлежащее): produce, have, paint, show, read, smoke, deceive, get, think, go. 1.... a friend with such noble ideas is a great privilege. 2.... so much means ruining one’s health. 3.... in for sports is one of the best ways to harden oneself. 4.... books in the original is very useful for those who study foreign languages. 5. Does this mean that... is the same thing as to utter words? 6.... you some of the rare pieces here will be my pleasure. 7.... into bed that night was a relief. 8. It would be almost impossible... him, I was sure. 9.... them would be interesting, I thought. Упр. 2. Переведите, обращая внимание на инфинитив в функции подлежащего или обстоятельства цели: 1. «To be a great painter, you work every day», -he said. 2. To be a great painter is hard. 3. It is hard to be a great painter. 4. To learn everything by heart is impossible. 5. To learn a foreign language you should work very hard. 6. It is impossible to learn everything by heart. 7. To pass an examination is not easy. 8. To pass the examination he had to learn a lot. 9. To build a new house is rather expensive. 10. To build a new house you’ll have to spend a lot of money. 11. To get to the academy by 8 a.m. is very hard. 12. To get to the academy by 8 a.m. he has to get up at 7 o’clock. Упр. 3. Переведите, обращая внимание на инфинитив в функции дополнения: 1. Tell me how to do it. 2. I don’t know whether to answer him or not. 3. I’d like to ask her what it all meant. 4. He finds it easy to understand spoken English. 5. He wants to be invited to her party. 6. She will be glad to visit London. 7. He hopes to get the book. 8. They allowed us to have a cup of tea. Упр. 4. Переведите, обращая внимание на инфинитив в функции определения: 1. Give me something to read. 2. There is nothing to argue about here. 3. The first thing to do is let them know. 4. I’ve no idea how to get there. 5. The letters to be posted are on the table. 6. You must let me have time to consider your proposal. 7. She was the first to come. 8. Where is the paper to be signed? 9. Here is the text to be translated. 10. It’s your turn to answer his questions. Упр. 5. Переведите, обращая внимание на инфинитивную конструкцию — сложное дополнение: 1. I want you to come at 5. 2. Would you like me to do it? 3. We saw her cross the street. 4. Have you ever heard her sing? 5. I’d like him to do it. 6. I expect them to arrive tomorrow. 7. Do you want me to help you? 8. What do you want me to help you with? 9. What book would you like me to take for you? 10. Where and when do you want us to come? Упр. 6. Переведите, используя инфинитивную конструкцию — сложное подлежащее: 1. His theory is believed to be correct. 2. He is supposed to have come back. 3. She was made to rewrite the test. 4. They are known to have been working at the problem for the last three months. 5. He seems to know the man. 6. The weather seems to be changing. 7. She is sure to come. 8. They are likely to have completed their work. 9. They are thought to be honest and kind. 10. The rocket is reported to have started its flight at 6.30. Упр. 7. Переведите, обращая внимание на форму и залог инфинитива: 1. I am sorry to trouble you. 2. I am sorry to have troubled you. 3. He seems to be sleeping. 4. I am glad to be working with you. 5. I am glad to have been working with you (for) all these years. 6. He doesn’t like to ask questions. 7. He doesn’t like to be asked questions. 8. I am glad to have invited them. 9. I am glad to have been invited. Упр. 8. Замените два предложения на одно по модели. Укажите функцию инфинитива: Модель 1. She is very weak now. She can’t take her exams.
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Сложное
