Development of Management ScienceThe field of management science has formally existed only for approximately 40 years. Also during this period, a new profession emerged: the management scientist. The terms management science (MS) and operations research (OR) are synonymous. In recent years, the field is generally designated MS/OR. The aim of management science is to provide managers with quantitative bases for decisions. Decision making is still the central activity for production and operations managers today. The activities of management scientists have emphasized the mathematical modeling of systems. Managers were faced with the problem of planning, organizing, and controlling their organizations' operations long before the advent of the electronic computer and management science models; they are still performing these functions. Mathematical models can be especially useful as an aid to the manager performing the functions of planning and controlling production and operations. While management scientists were constructing sophisticated quantitative models and theories, managers in organizations were struggling to manage their day-to-day production and operations more efficiently. Mathematical models play a significant role in production and operations management.
B) Complete the sentences below according to the information acquired from the text. Choose from a), b), c) or d): 1.The field of management science has formally existed for approximately …. a). 20 years; b). 40years; c). 30 years; d). 80 years; 2. The aim of management science is…. a) to teach management to sell goods; b) to invent new mathematical models for management; c) to control the production of manufactured goods; d) to provide managers with quantitative bases for decisions. 3. Decisions making is still…. a) the construction of sophisticated models and theories; b) especially useful aid to the manager; c) the central activity for production and operations managers today.
Exercise 9. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English: 1.Термины «наука о менеджменте» и «наука об управлении» - синонимы. 2. Целью науки о менеджменте является обеспечение менеджеров качественными научными основами для принятия решения. 3.Принятие решения - это основная деятельность управляющих производством и директоров-распорядителей. 4. В своей деятельности менеджеры сталкиваются с проблемами планирования, организации и контроля в своей деятельности. 5. Математические модели могут быть особенно полезны менеджеру, выполняющему функцию планирования и контроля процесса производства. 6. Ученые, занимающиеся менеджментом постоянно, создают сложные качественные модели и теории для того, чтобы менеджеры в своих организациях могли качественно выполнять свои ежедневные обязанности. 7. Математические модели играют важную роль в производственном менеджменте.
Exercise 10. Read the text given below and find answers to the following questions: 1. What are the functions of a manager? 2. How can managers achieve different goals? 3. How many management functions do you know? 4. What are the Roles of a manager? 5. What does implementation of plans require?
Management Functions and Roles
Managers set and achieve goals by using human, financial, material, and information resources. To do this, they plan, organize, staff, direct, and control — in other words, they undertake the five basic functions of management. The five management functions are inseparable and often simultaneous elements of a continuous, interactive process. Implementing plans, for example, requires acquiring human resources (staffing) and structuring work groups (organizing). Subordinates must be guided to complete the plan (directing), and the plan's progress must be monitored (controlling). To plan, organize, staff, direct, and control - a manager must fill various roles at different times. A role is a set of expectations for a manager's behavior. As managers perform their duties and interact with various members of the organization, they must wear different hats. Their role requirements are influenced by their formal job descriptions, which grant certain authority and status.
Exercise 11. Find English equivalents to the following words and expressions in the above-given text: определять и достигать целей; персонал; одновременный; находящийся во взаимосвязи (интерактивный); подчиненный; структурные рабочие группы; выполнять; исполнять различные роли; неразделимый; основные функции менеджмента, выполнять свои обязанности; поведение менеджера;
Exercise 12. Work in group: a) ask your group-mates to explain the meaning of the following words and expressions: manager's functions; manager's roles; ''to wear different hats''; staffing; to set and achieve goals; subordinate; a set of expectations; directing; b) discuss the peculiarities of manager’s job.
Exercise 13. Get ready to speak about: а) manager; b) management; c) manager's job.
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