Wildlife
1. wildlife [ uncountable ] animals and plants that live or grow in natural conditions живая природа; дикие животные: Chemical leaks have had a disastrous effect on wildlife. | The park has an abundance of wildlife. | Today, hunting is no longer allowed and tourists visit these national parks to view and photograph the wildlife in their natural habitats. | The area has one of the world's greatest concentrations of wildlife. | Uganda's beautiful highlands are host to a wide range of wildlife. | The island offers such a wide variety of scenery and wildlife. | Environmentalists will be on the watch for damage to wildlife. wildlife protection / conservation охрана / сохранение живой природы: Strong science-based strategies for wildlife conservation have emerged over the last one hundred years. | Also in these seminars, discussion will focus on wildlife conservation. | The treaty contains seven personal pledges to encourage wildlife protection, save energy, use recycling schemes and join environmental groups. to protect wildlife: The organization was set up to protect wildlife across Europe. | It has been carefully designed to develop and protect wildlife and plants while attracting many thousands of visitors. to encourage wildlife содействовать сохранению / стимулировать сохранение живой природы: And nine ponds have been created to encourage wildlife. to threaten wildlife | to be / pose / present / represent / constitute a threat to wildlife представлять угрозу для живой природы: Intensive salmon farms threaten wildlife, the environment and our tourist industry. 2. wilderness [ countable – usually singular ] an area of land where people do not live or grow crops and where there are no buildings, especially because it is difficult to live there as a result of extremely cold or hot weather or bad earth дикая природа; дикая местность: Alaska is the last great wilderness. | They have climbed mountains and canoed for eight-day stretches in isolated wilderness. | The prince wandered the wilderness for many years. /ˈwɪldɚnəs/ to preserve wilderness: Muir valued nature for its own sake and argued forcefully to protect species and preserve wilderness, whereas Pinchot was much more concerned with the use of natural resources to serve human needs. | To the locals it was a wilderness they would rather have preserved for the hawks, the salmon and the mountaineers. 3. vegetation [ uncountable ] (formal) plants in general, especially in one particular area растительность: There was little vegetation on the island. | Much of the region's native vegetation has been damaged by developers who are building hotels along the coast. | Birds are abundant in the tall vegetation by the canal. | They are only doing what is necessary to prevent wholesale destruction of vegetation. dense / lush / thick / rank vegetation пышная / густая растительность: Half an hour later and we were ready for a ride through the dense vegetation and forests of palms. | This is particularly true in areas of dense vegetation such as tropical rainforest. | Lefkas has an abundance of lush green vegetation. | The beautifully landscaped gardens sprawl with lush vegetation. | They made their way through the thick vegetation in the valley. to clear a place of vegetation | to clear vegetation from a place очистить место от растительности: The railway track will have to be cleared of vegetation if it is to be used again. 4. species [ countable; plural – species ] a group of animals or plants whose members are similar and can breed together to produce young animals or plants биологический вид: Ecologists also have discovered that all species in an ecosystem interact with one another, either directly or indirectly. | Thus, the loss of one species, the starfish, indirectly led to the loss of an additional six species and a transformation of the community. | Clear lakes have more species than do those with muddy water. | Man is exterminating too many species for zoos to be much help. animal / bird / plant / tree species | species of animal(s) / bird(s) / plant(s) / tree(s): Half the animal species of the world and 90,000 out of 250,000 known plant species, live in the rainforests. | More than 100 bird species and 35 mammal species have been identified at the park. | The Amazon rainforests alone are home to many unique animals and to one fifth of the world's bird species. | Exactly how and when these plant species came to the Great Plains is not certain. | This country has more than 30,000 species of animals and 5,000 species of wild plants. | Over 120 species of birds have been recorded in this National Park. | Seven species of birds of prey have been observed. | Some of these factors have changed the distribution of species of animals and plants. | There are several thousand species of trees here. | In Puerto Rico, the primary forest area has been reduced over the past 400 years by 99%, yet "only" seven of 60 species of bird have become extinct. native / local species местный / туземный / аборигенный вид: Unchecked by natural predators and conditions, they reproduce by the millions, chasing out native species. | The three native species are all winter visitors in the central and southern parts of the region. to threaten a species (with extinction) | to be / pose / present / represent / constitute a threat to a species представлять угрозу для вида: This is a practice that has threatened several species. | A new airport may still threaten many bird species. | The large numbers of wild orchids being traded threatens some species with extinction. | Like most of the forest species, it is threatened by deforestation and hunting. a species survives вид выживает: One among them did a little research and discovered that zebras were an endangered species who could survive only in herds. a species becomes extinct / dies out / disappears вид вымирает / исчезает: What is clear is that species are dying out at an unprecedented rate. | Newts and other rare reptiles are being stolen from ponds, and conservationists are worried that some species could die out altogether. | Can we comfort ourselves with a freezer full of cells as species disappear and the wild itself becomes extinct? 5. the human species / race | humankind | mankind | man [ singular ] all humans considered as a group; people in general человеческий род 6. rare species [ countable ] редкий вид: Last year rare species worth half a million pounds have been stolen in raids around the country. | The rule is an attempt to prevent harm to pets or rare species that may wander into the traps. | Today the locations of many rare or endangered species are closely guarded secrets. 7. endangered / threatened species [ countable ] animals or plants which may soon no longer exist because there are very few now alive вымирающий / исчезающий биологический вид; биологический вид, находящийся под угрозой вымирания / исчезновения: Pandas are an endangered species. | This type of rattlesnake has been declared an endangered / threatened species. | Some threatened species have special qualities or abilities and may hold the key to undiscovered benefits. | As a threatened species, the snowy plover is protected under the federal Endangered Species Act. to class / list an animal / plant as an endangered / threatened species: The lizards are classed as an endangered species. to protect / preserve an endangered / threatened species: The plan also provided for measures to protect endangered species, protect the ozone layer and increase energy conservation. | Great economic sacrifices have been made by developers, loggers and fishermen to protect endangered species. | The legislation that exists to protect endangered species is often inadequate and lacks proper enforcement. protection / preservation of an endangered / threatened species: The Endangered Species Act was passed the following year and has been described by the Supreme Court of the United States as "the most comprehensive legislation for the preservation of endangered species ever enacted by any nation."; 8. endangered / threatened species list | list of endangered / threatened species | Red Data Book [ countable ] список вымирающих / исчезающих биологических видов; Красная книга: The birds are included in the same category as tigers on the list of most endangered species. | It gives a detailed list of endangered areas and species. to put / place an animal / plant on the endangered / threatened species list / list of endangered / threatened species: Their numbers became so depleted in this country that in 1969 they were placed on the endangered species list. 9. extinct / deleted species [ countable ] вымерший / исчезнувший биологический вид; реликтовый вид: The valley contains fossils of many extinct species. | Why are there different combinations of extinct species in each layer of rock? 10. habitat [ countable; uncountable ] the natural surroundings in which an animal normally lives or plant usually grows место распространения, ареал (животного, растения); среда обитания: The polar bear's habitat is the icy wastes of the Arctic. | The grassland is an important habitat for many wild flowers. | Ancient habitats such as grasslands, bogs, and wetlands are rapidly disappearing. | Few countries have as rich a diversity of habitat as South Africa. | Plants, like animals, often have restricted habitats. natural / native habitat естественная (природная) среда обитания: Mountain areas are the natural habitat of the golden eagle. | The owl's natural habitat is in the forests of the Northwest. | With so many areas of woodland being cut down, a lot of wildlife is losing its natural habitat. wildlife habitat: This project will estimate the benefits and costs of wildlife habitats and compare the results using different valuation techniques. | It also aims to preserve wildlife habitat and agricultural land. | The most popular purposes for the grants are enhancement of the landscape and the creation of new wildlife habitats. | One option is to restore wildlife habitats. | County Durham needs its pockets of green land and wildlife habitats for endangered species. to provide a habitat (for sb / sth) | to create a habitat: Suburban gardens can provide habitats for many forms of wildlife. | Dry stone walls may appear stark and lifeless, but they provide a valuable habitat for plants and animals. | It covers 237,216 acres of mountains, lakes, and river valleys, providing varied wildlife habitats. | Humans create habitats of a kind that may well occur in nature, but not commonly. to protect / preserve a habitat: These figures emphasize the importance of protecting these coastal habitats. | We will continue to encourage this approach through schemes to protect landscape and habitats of special importance. | We need to protect our own native species from extinction and to preserve their habitats. | We are active in preserving wildlife and habitat for it. protection / preservation of a habitat: Protection of sites, habitats and landscapes is of uppermost priority. to destroy a habitat: As habitats are destroyed and species lost, the world is increasingly losing threads from the interconnected fabric of life. | If growing population size puts even more pressure on these habitats, they might well be destroyed sooner. | Some attacked the fact that faster growth has been environmentally unsound, creating excessive carbon emissions and destroying natural habitats. habitat destruction | (the) destruction of a habitat: Many species are threatened in the wild due to habitat destruction by man and probably over-hunting. | The mountain Gorilla, a uniquely social animal, is threatened by habitat destruction and poaching. | They believe this action must be taken to prevent widespread destruction of wildlife habitats. 11. habitable | inhabitable (adjective) good enough for people and animals to live in пригодный для жилья / проживания / заселения: Some areas of the country are just too cold to be habitable. | Japan is mostly mountainous and has a only a relatively narrow strip of habitable land along the coasts. 12. uninhabitable (adjective) if a place is uninhabitable, it is impossible to live in непригодный для жилья / проживания / заселения: As parts of the world become uninhabitable, millions of people will try to migrate to more hospitable areas. | A nuclear accident would make the whole region uninhabitable. | Much of the country is uninhabitable because it is desert. 13. extinct (adjective) an extinct type of animal or plant does not exist any more вымерший, исчезнувший: Once extinct, this wonderful animal will be gone for ever. | The idea of cloning extinct life forms still belongs to science fiction. to be extinct: Dinosaurs have been extinct for millions of years. | The white rhino is now almost extinct. | By 1830 the breed was almost extinct and by 1907 the situation was critical. | Many tropical islands once had their own species, but most of these are now extinct. to become extinct: Dinosaurs became extinct millions of years ago. | Pandas could become extinct in the wild. | If nothing is done to save the whales now, the species will soon become extinct. | It is estimated that over 30 species have become extinct while waiting for a listing. to drive an animal / plant extinct: It is difficult to estimate the rate at which humans are driving species extinct. to declare an animal / plant extinct: The California condor was declared extinct in 1987. 14. extinction [ countable ] a situation in which a particular kind of animal or plant stops existing вымирание, исчезновение: The leading cause of extinction is habitat destruction, particularly of the world's richest ecosystems – tropical rain forests and coral reefs. to face extinction | to be threatened with extinction | to be in danger of extinction находиться под угрозой вымирания / исчезновения: Hundreds of tree species face extinction. | Many endangered species are now threatened with extinction. | Many species of plants and animals are in danger of extinction. (to be) on the verge / brink / edge of extinction (находиться) на грани вымирания: The breed was on the verge of extinction. | The goal was to reduce commerce in animals and plants on the edge of extinction. to (the verge / brink / edge of) extinction: But 25 native species are endangered, seven to the verge of extinction. | They were hunted almost to extinction. | Many species have been shot to the verge of extinction. to be doomed to extinction: The species is doomed to extinction. | The belugas of the St Lawrence may now number only 400, and this local population is almost certainly doomed to extinction. to drive / push a species to (the verge / brink / edge of) / into extinction: With a change in plant composition, many of the native animal species were driven to extinction. | Loss of beachfront habitat and predation by domestic cats and introduced red foxes pushed the least tern to the brink of extinction. | They have driven the rhino to the edge of extinction. | Many plant and animal species will probably be driven into extinction, agricultural regions will be disrupted, and the frequency of severe hurricanes and droughts is likely to increase. to save a species from extinction: Conservationists are trying to save the whale from extinction. | An operation is beginning to try to save a species of crocodile from extinction. the extinction of a species occurs: The extinction of the dinosaurs occurred millions of years ago.
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