II.
| 1.
| John
The report
| criticised
| Peter/his sloppy work.
Peter for sleeping too long.
Peter’s book for its poor plot.
his book for being sentimental.
| |
| 2. John was critical of Peter’s views/work.
|
| |
| 3. John expressed/offered a lot of criticism(s).
|
| |
| 4. John levelled criticism(s) at Peter/his work.
|
| |
| 5. John’s book / speech / words came in for / aroused / provoked / stirred up a great deal of criticism.
|
| |
| 6. John spoke critically of Peter/his ideas.
|
| |
| 7. John
| condemned
censured
denounced
| Peter (for his treacherous behaviour).
Peter (for robbing the bank).
Peter (as a traitor).
Peter’s treacherous behaviour.
Peter’s behaviour as treacherous.
Peter’s behaviour as an attempt to
mislead the public.
| |
| 8. John slashed Peter’s new book (for its poor dialogue).
| |
| 9. John made a slashing attack on Peter/his new book.
| |
| 10. John found fault with Peter’s work.
| |
| 11. John blamed
| Peter.
Peter/bad weather for their defeat.
their defeat on Peter.
| |
| 12. John laid/placed/put the blame (for their defeat) on Peter.
|
| |
| 13. John shifted the blame (for their defeat) onto/to Peter.
|
| |
| 14. Peter assumed/took the blame for their defeat.
|
| |
| 15.
| John
The article
| accused Peter
| (of treachery).
(of taking bribes).
(of having accepted a bribe).
| |
| 16. The police charged Peter
| with robbery.
with neglecting his duty.
| |
| 17. John brought / levelled / made an accusation of gross negligence / theft / neglect of duty against Peter.
|
| |
| 18. The police brought / levelled / made a charge of robbery / murder against Peter.
|
| |
| 19. Peter denied/refuted the accusation/charge of theft.
|
| |
| 20. Peter recriminated against Peter.
|
|
| |
| 21. Peter recriminated by saying that it was John who had neglected his duty.
| |
| 22. John and Peter indulged in recriminations (against each other).
|
|
|
| 23. John
| reproached Peter
| (with/for his mistake).
(with/for making a mistake).
| |
| 24. John
| reproved
rebuked
reprimanded
scolded
told off
dressed down
| Peter
| (for his foolish behaviour).
(for making glaring mistakes).
(for having made a mistake).
| |
| 25. John heaped reproaches on Peter.
|
| |
| 26. John gave him a
| reproof
rebuke
reprimand
admonition
scolding
telling-off
dressing-down
| (for his careless mistake).
(for making careless
mistakes).
| |
| 27. John got/received a
| reproof
rebuke
reprimand
admonition
scolding
telling-of
dressing-down
| (for his foolish
behaviour).
(for being late).
| |
| 28. John admonished Peter (for his conduct/being late).
|
| |
| 29. John expostulated with Peter about/on his treatment of children.
|
| |
| 30. John lashed (out) against/at
| his opponents.
the government’s policy.
| |
| 31. John lectured Peter for his slapdash/slipshod/sloppy work.
|
| |
| 32. John gave/read Peter a lecture about/on the importance of good spelling.
|
| |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Vocabulary
1. praise to say that you admire and approve of someone or something, especially publicly
2. compliment to say something nice to someone in order to praise them
3. extol (formal) to praise someone very much
4. flatter to praise someone in an insincere way in order to please them or get something from them
5. be flattered to be pleased because someone has shown you that they like or admire you
6. rhapsodise to talk about something in an eager, excited, and approving way
7. criticise to express your disapproval of someone or something, or to talk about their faults
8. condemn to say very strongly that you disapprove of someone or something, especially because you think it is morally wrong
9. denounce to say strongly that you disapprove of someone or something, especially in public
10. censure (formal) to officially criticise someone for something they have done wrong
11. slash to criticise sharply
12. find fault with to criticise someone or something, often unfairly and frequently
13. blame to say or think that someone or something is responsible for something bad
14. accuse to say that someone is guilty of a crime or of doing something bad
15. charge to state officially that someone is guilty of a crime
16. recriminate to accuse someone in return
17. reproach (formal) to speak to someone in a way that shows you are disappointed, but not angry
18. reprove (formal) to speak to someone severely about something they have done wrong
19. reprimand | rebuke (formal) to tell someone officially that something they have done is very wrong
20. admonish (formal) to reprove someone, especially in a mild and good-willed manner
21. expostulate (formal) to speak to someone earnestly, especially in order to dissuade them from doing something
22. dress down to speak angrily or severely to someone about something they have done wrong
23. tell off (especially of a teacher, parent, manager, etc.) to speak angrily to someone because they have done something wrong
24. scold to speak angrily to someone, especially a child, about something they have done
25. lash out to suddenly speak angrily to someone
26. lecture to speak angrily or seriously to someone in order to criticise or warn them, in a way that they think is unfair or unnecessary
Gratitude
|
| = Mr Brown: I must say you’ve been very helpful, Mr Cashman. Thank you very much.
|
|
| Mr Cashman: Oh, that’s all right. You’re always welcome at our bank.
|
|
| = Mr Brown expressed his gratitude to the bank manager for his assistance.
|
|
| = Mr Brown: I don’t know how to thank you. You actually saved my life.
|
|
| Mr Smith: Don’t mention it. It was no trouble at all.
|
|
| = Mr Brown said (that) he was very grateful to Mr Smith for saving his life. Mr Smith brushed it all aside and assured Mr Brown that it had not inconvenienced him in any way.
|
Patterns
| 1. John (effusively/heartily/profusely/sincerely) thanked Peter for his help.
|
|
| 2. John expressed/gave/said (his) thanks to his colleagues.
|
|
| 3. John said (that) he was (very) grateful/thankful to Peter for helping him.
|
|
| 4. John was grateful/thankful (that) Peter had helped him.
|
|
| 5. John expressed his (effusive/profuse) gratitude to Peter for his assistance.
|
|
| 6. John was effusive/profuse in his gratitude/thanks.
|
|
Replies to formulas of thanks needn’t be put into indirect speech – they are often omitted. They are reported, however, if they convey some essential information. To express this kind of information, you can use one of the following phrases.
| 1. Peter accepted John’s thanks.
|
|
| 2. Peter brushed/swept it all aside/away and assured John/and said that it had been no trouble at all.
|
|
Vocabulary
1. thank to tell someone that you are pleased and grateful for something they have done
2. thanks (n.) the things you say or do to show that you are grateful to someone
3. grateful feeling that you want to thank someone because of something kind that they have done
4. thankful grateful and glad about something that has happened, especially because without it the situation would be much worse
5. gratitude the feeling of being grateful
6. brush aside/away | sweep aside to refuse to pay attention to something someone says
7. effusive showing strong excited feelings
8. profuse too eager or generous with your praise, thanks, etc.
Apology
|
| = Mr Jones: Excuse me for troubling you, but you’ve taken my seat.
|
|
| Mr Brown: Oh, have I? Sorry. I didn’t mean to.
|
|
| Mr Jones: Never mind.
|
|
| = Mr Jones apologised to Mr Brown for troubling him but, in his opinion, the latter had taken his seat. Mr Brown admitted that and asked Mr Jones to excuse him for his mistake saying that he had not meant to do it.
|
|
|
|
|
| = John: I’m terribly sorry for being rude yesterday night. I didn’t mean to hurt you. It’ll never happen again.
|
|
| Mary: It’s unpardonable. You spoilt the whole party.
|
|
| = John asked Mary to pardon him for his rudeness. He promised her that it would never happen again. But Mary was too much hurt to forgive him. She said (that) he had spoilt the whole party.
|
Patterns
| 1. John apologised (to Peter) (for being late).
|
| |
| 2. John apologised (humbly/effusively/profusely).
|
| |
| 3. John was apologetic about/for his blunder/arriving late.
|
|
| 4. John excused himself (for his rude remark/making a rude remark).
|
|
| 5. John made an excuse/excuses for his rude remark/making a rude remark.
|
|
| 6. John asked/begged Peter to excuse/forgive/pardon him for his late arrival/being late.
|
|
| 7. John asked / begged Peter to excuse / pardon his conduct/ his being rude.
|
|
| 8. John asked/begged Peter to forgive (him) his rudeness.
|
| |
| 9. John said (that) he was sorry (for his mistake).
|
| |
| 10. John made / offered / presented his apology /an apology / his apologies (to Peter) (for his late arrival/being late).
|
| |
| 11. John offered Peter his abject / effusive / humble / profound / profuse / public / sincere apologies (for his mistake).
|
| |
| 12. John was effusive/profuse in his apologies.
|
| |
Replies to apologies are not always reported. If they are, this is done in one of the following ways.
| 1. Peter
| brushed aside/away
swept aside
| John’s apologies.
|
| 2. Peter accepted John’s apologies.
|
|
| 3. Peter said (that) it was all right.
|
|
| 4. Peter rejected John’s
| apology/excuse.
apologies/excuses.
|
| 5. Peter was too much hurt to forgive John.
|
|
| | | | | |
Vocabulary
1. apologise to tell someone that you are sorry that you have done something wrong
2. forgive to decide not to blame someone or be angry with them although they have done something wrong
3. excuse to forgive someone for doing something that is not seriously wrong, such as being rude or careless
4. excuse yourself to offer an excuse
5. pardon (old-fashioned) to forgive someone for behaving badly
Offending
|
| = John: I don’t believe a word of what you’re saying!
|
|
| Peter: It’s outrageous! No one has ever doubted my word.
|
|
| = John told Peter (that) he didn’t believe his story. Peter got offended/took offence at John’s remark saying (that) no one had ever doubted his word.
|
|
| = John: What a fool you are, Peter!
|
|
| = John insulted Peter.
|
|
| John flung an insult at Peter.
|
Patterns
| 1. John insulted/offended/abused Peter.
|
| |
| 2. John flung/hurled/shouted an insult/insults/abuse at Peter.
|
|
| 3. John heaped/showered abuse on Peter.
|
| |
| 4. John became abusive/used abusive language to Peter.
|
| |
| 5. John greeted him with a shower/stream of abuse. (formal)
|
| |
| 6. Peter
| was offended
got offended
| by John.
at/by John’s remark.
| |
| 7. John caused/gave offence to Peter.
|
| |
| 8. John took offence (at every remark).
|
| |
| 9. Peter took/swallowed John’s insult(s).
|
| |
| 10. John said (that) it outraged his sense of justice.
|
| |
| 11. John said it was an outrage
| against/on public dignity/
public morality.
to allow such practices.
that such practices were
allowed.
| |
| 12. John said it was outrageous
| to allow such practices.
that such practices were
allowed.
| |
| | | | | | | | |
Vocabulary
1. offend to hurt someone’s feelings by making them angry or upset
2. insult to say or do something that is rude and offensive to someone
3. abuse to say rude or offensive things to someone
4. outrage to make someone feel very angry and shocked
5. outrageous very shocking and extremely unfair or offensive
Functions of expressing emotion
Interest and indifference
|
| = John: And what was Peter’s role in this affair? He seems to have had a hand in it too. Please tell me all about it.
|
|
| = John was curious about Peter’s role in the affair and wanted his interlocutor to tell him everything about it.
|
|
|
|
|
| = John: I’m the heavyweight boxing champion now! I beat Tyson yesterday. I knocked him out.
|
|
| Mary: So what?
|
|
| = Mary showed indifference to John’s success in boxing. She treated with complete nonchalance the news that he had beaten Tyson and become the heavyweight boxing champion.
|
Patterns
I.
| John interested Peter
| in a dull subject.
in buying the house.
| |
| Peter was/became/got/grew interested in a dull subject/in buying the house.
|
| |
| John was
| curious
inquisitive
| about/as to Peter’s role in the affair.
about/as to what had happened.
| |
| John was
| interested
anxious
eager
| (that) Peter (should) agree to his plan.
| |
| John asked anxiously/curiously/inquiringly/inquisitively if Peter had seen the girl.
|
|
| John
| had
took
felt
showed
expressed
demonstrated
displayed
manifested
| an interest
a great interest
keen interest
much interest
| in Peter’s ideas.
| |
| The
| matter
story
news
| aroused
excited
generated
stirred
revived
| John’s interest.
a lot of interest in his proposal.
| |
| John said it / listened to Peter with eagerness / eager attention.
|
|
| John was excited about/at/over the news.
|
|
| John was enthralled by/with an exciting story.
|
|
| John was enthusing about/over the book he had read.
|
| |
| John enthused Peter.
|
| |
| John was/became/got/grew enthusiastic about/over/at Peter’s plans.
|
|
| John felt/showed/demonstrated/displayed enthusiasm about/for Peter’s plans.
|
|
| The story fascinated/intrigued John.
|
|
| John was fascinated
| at/by/with Peter’s ideas/story.
to learn of Peter’s success.
| |
| The news held John’s interest.
|
| |
| The speaker held his audience spellbound.
|
| |
| John carried away/along Peter with his fine speech/words/ promises/enthusiasm.
|
|
| Peter
| was
got
| carried away
carried along
| by John’s words/enthusiasm.
| |
| John was willing to tell Peter everything he knew about the matter.
|
|
| John expressed/showed/demonstrated the willingness to tell Peter everything he knew about the matter.
|
|
| John was bursting to tell Peter the news.
|
| |
| John couldn’t wait to tell Peter the news.
|
| |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
II.
| John treated Peter / his suggestion with (complete) indifference/apathy/nonchalance.
| |
| John
| was
remained
| indifferent
apathetic
impassive
nonchalant
| to/towards Peter.
to/towards his proposal.
about/concerning the
matter.
in the dispute.
| |
| John
| felt
showed
displayed
| indifference
apathy
nonchalance
| to/towards Peter.
to/towards his proposal.
about/concerning the
matter.
in the dispute.
| |
|
| John
His story
| bored Peter
| (to death/sleep/tears).
(by talking for hours on end
about his adventures).
| |
| John was/got bored
| (listening to Peter/his story).
(with Peter/his story).
(stiff by their trivial conversation).
| |
| It was boring/tiresome to listen to Peter’s stories.
|
| |
| John listened to his story with a bored / impassive / nonchalant expression/face/look on his face.
|
|
| John received the news with an air of indifference / boredom / nonchalance.
|
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Vocabulary
interested giving a lot of attention to something because you want to find out more about it
eager very keen and excited about something that is going to happen or about something you want to do
excited happy, interested, or hopeful because something good has happened or will happen
anxious very worried about something that may happen or may have happened so that you think about it all the time
curious wanting to know about something
inquisitive asking too many questions and trying to find out too many details about something or someone
enthralled so interested that you pay a lot of attention to what you are seeing or hearing
enthuse (1) to talk about something in a very interested or excited way
(2) to make someone interested in something or excited by it
enthusiastic showing a lot of interest and excitement about something
fascinated extremely interested by something or someone
spellbound extremely interested in something you are listening to
be/get carried away/along to be so excited, angry, interested, etc. that you are no longer really in control of what you do or say, or forget everything else
intrigue to make someone very interested, especially because it seems strange or mysterious
be willing to do sth. to be prepared to do something
be bursting to do sth. (informal) to want to do something very much
can’t wait to do sth. to feel excited and impatient about something that is going to happen soon
indifferent not caring about what is happening, especially about other people’s problems or feelings
apathetic not excited about something and not caring whether it happens, or not interested in anything and unwilling to make an effort to change and improve things
impassive not showing any emotion or feeling
nonchalant behaving calmly and seeming not to worry or care about anything
bored tired and impatient because you do not think something is interesting, or because you have nothing to do
Pleasure and displeasure
|
| = John: We’re going to Italy for our holidays!
|
|
| Mary: How thrilling!
|
|
| = Mary was delighted/thrilled to learn that they were going to Italy for their holidays.
|
|
| John told Mary (that) they were going to Italy for their holidays and Mary got delighted/thrilled at the news.
|
|
|
|
|
| = John: Good Heavens! I’ve left my umbrella behind and it’s raining again.
|
|
| = As it was raining, John was annoyed that he had left his umbrella behind.
|
Patterns
I.
| John said cheerfully/ delightfully/ happily/ joyfully (that) it was the best performance he had ever seen.
| |
| John said in/with admiration (that) it was the best performance he had ever seen.
| |
| John said with delight/joy/satisfaction (that) it was the best performance he had ever seen.
| |
| John
| felt
expressed
| (his)
| delight/joy/pleasure at the news.
admiration of/for his new painting.
satisfaction with/about/at
their work.
exhilaration about/at the news.
exultation at/in/over their victory.
| |
| John was filled with admiration for Peter’s courage.
|
| |
| John
| was
felt
looked
| glad about their success.
happy about/with his work.
pleased with Peter.
pleased about/at/with his exam results.
delighted at/by/with the news.
exhilarated by the news.
impressed with/by his friend’s work.
overjoyed at their success.
satisfied with the exam results.
| |
| John was / felt / looked pleased / delighted / overjoyed at learning/hearing good news/going to the seaside.
|
| |
| John was happy about learning/hearing good news/going to the seaside.
|
| |
| John was/felt glad/happy/pleased/delighted/overjoyed/ satisfied/thrilled to tell the story/to hear/learn the story.
|
| |
| John was glad / happy / pleased / delighted / overjoyed / satisfied that their proposal had been accepted.
|
| |
| It
| pleased John
delighted John
made John glad
made John happy
| to tell the story.
to hear/learn the latest news.
that their product was a success.
| |
| John was thrilled with delight/joy/pleasure.
|
| |
| John
| delighted in
took delight in
| scandal.
teasing Peter.
| |
| John rejoiced
| in/over Peter.
at/in/over the news.
in giving presents to his friends.
to hear/learn the good news.
that Peter had agreed to his plan.
| |
| John admired Peter’s behaviour/his book (for the way the characters were drawn).
|
| |
| John exulted
| at/in their success.
to find that they had succeeded.
| |
| John was bursting with joy over the news.
|
| |
|
| John
His speech
| made a
| strong
favourable
unfavourable
| impression on the
audience.
| |
| John got/gained a favourable/unfavourable impression of Peter/his work.
|
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
II.
| John said in/with displeasure / dissatisfaction / disappointment / annoyance / exasperation / irritation (that) he would never put up with it.
|
|
| John said in anger / disgust / indignation (that) he would never put up with it.
|
|
| John said in a resentful tone (that) he would never put up with it.
|
|
| John said angrily / indignantly / resentfully (that) he would never put up with it.
|
|
| John
| felt
showed
expressed
| (his)
| displeasure with the exam results.
dissatisfaction with/about/at his
living conditions.
disappointment about/at/over the
exam results.
anger at/towards/with their plans.
disgust with the boss.
disgust at/with his behaviour.
indignation against/with the boss.
indignation about/at/over gross
injustice.
resentment against/towards her.
resentment about/at/towards her
conduct.
| |
| John
| felt
showed
expressed
| (his)
| annoyance
exasperation
irritation
| at/with Peter.
about/at/over his
conduct.
| |
| John
| was
felt
got
looked
| displeased with/by his friend.
displeased with/by/at his behaviour.
dissatisfied with his salary.
disappointed in/with his friend.
disappointed with/about/at his work.
angry with/at his neighbour.
angry about/at the delay.
disgusted with his boss.
disgusted with/by/at his conduct.
| |
| John
| was
felt
got
looked
| annoyed by/with/at Peter.
exasperated about/at/with/by his conduct.
irritated about/at/with/by his behaviour.
peevish about Peter’s behaviour.
| |
| John
| was
felt
got
looked
| indignant with his boss.
indignant about/at/over gross injustice.
resentful about/at/of her behaviour.
enraged at/by/over Peter’s complacency.
furious with/at (esp. AmE) Peter.
furious about/at/over his way of talking.
infuriated with Peter.
| |
| John
| was
felt
looked
| displeased
dissatisfied
disappointed
annoyed
disgusted
exasperated
irritated
angry
indignant
resentful
furious
| at hearing/learning the news.
to hear/learn the news.
| |
| John
| was
| displeased
disappointed
annoyed
disgusted
angry
furious
| that they hadn’t turned up yet.
| |
| It displeased / disappointed / annoyed / disgusted / exasperated / irritated / enraged John to hear / learn Peter’s story.
|
|
| It made John angry / indignant / resentful / furious to hear / learn Peter’s story.
|
|
| John resented criticism/having to wait/Peter(’s) being there.
|
|
| Their bad manners angered / disgusted / enraged / infuriated / maddened John.
|
|
| Their bad manners filled John with disgust.
|
| |
| John
| was
got
went
| mad
| with/at (esp. AmE) Peter.
about/at the news.
about/at hearing/learning the news.
| |
| John
| was
got
went
| wild
| with anger/fury.
over the report.
| |
| The news drove / made / sent John mad / wild with anger/fury.
|
|
| 20.
| John
His temper
| flared up/out
flamed up/out
fired up
flashed out
blazed up
| (at Peter/the news).
(at what he heard).
(when he learnt the news).
| |
| The news fired John up.
|
| |
| John
| said it
blundered it out
blurted it out
| in a fit of temper.
| |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
