Правило согласования времен. Прямая и косвенная речь.

Правило согласования времен запрещает использовать в придаточном дополнительном предложении формы настоящего и будущего время, если в главном предложении сказуемое выражено глаголом в одном из прошедших времен.

В таблице показано, каким образом обычно изменяются времена при переходе от прямой речи к косвенной.

Прямая речь	Косвенная речь
Present Simple ("1 live")	Past Simple (He said he lived)
Present Contin. ("1 am living")	Past Contin. (He said he was living)
Present Perfect ("1 have lived")	Past Perfect (He said he had lived)
Present Perfect Contin.("l have been living")	Past Perfect Contin. (He said he had been living)
Past Simple ("1 lived")	Past Perfect (He said he had lived)
Past Contin. ("1 was living")	Past Perfect Contin. (He said he had been living)
Going to (Future) ("1 am going to live")	Was going (He said he was going to live)
Will Future ("1 will live")	Would (He said he would live)
Can ("1 can live")	Could (He said he could live)
May ("1 may live")	Might (He said he might live)
Must ("1 must live")	Had to (He said he had to live)

Указатели времени меняются следующим образом:

Прямая речь	Косвенная речь
«today»	that day
«now»	Then
«here»	There
«this»	That
«tonight»	that night
«tomorrow (night)»	the next / following day (night)
«next week»	the following week
«last week»	the previous week
«yesterday»	the previous day
«ago»	previously / before

 

Упр. 1 Преобразуйте высказывания в косвенную речь.

a. I've attended two conferences tins year."

b. "I've visited several genetic laboratories."

c. "I've seen a lot of interesting things."

d. "I've given two lectures at Princeton University."

e. "I'm planning to visit Oxford."

f. "I'm hoping to go to Scotland."

g. "I'm writing my thesis now."

h. "I 'in studying an interesting problem."

i. "I’ll start my next paper with the statement of the problem."

j. "My paper will consist of four sections."

k. "In the introduction I'll outline the present state of research in the field of immunology."

Упр.2. Преобразуйте высказывания в косвенную речь, используя модальные глаголы.

a. ''I can ring the Bank Manager."

b. "I may go abroad."

c. "We must observe the experimental conditions."

d. "I can't promise you my assistance in this matter"

e. "I may not be able to send you a copy of my paper shortly."

f. "I can't do anything about it tonight."

g. "I must write an account of my work."