Computer generations

- There are four generations of computers, aren’t there?

- No, there exist ….

- …?

- There are five generations of computers, which differ not only in their hardware, but also in their software, their capability and organization.

- What was the main technical characteristic of the first computer generation?

- The first computer generation was the vacuum tube machines.

- What ability was it known by?

- This generation was known by the ability to handle problems in computation which were considered unsolvable in a practical sense.

- …?

- With increased use of computers, their structure changed to meet new needs.

- What new hardware elements are the second-generation computers based on?

- The second generation is known to have higher speed and im­proved reliability provided by new hardware elements such as semi­conductors.

- What kinds of problems could they handle?

- They could handle different kinds of problems by completing one type and then automatically switching to another type in sequence.

- which generation computers are based on the monolithic integrated cir­cuits?

- The third generation computers are based on new hardware elements such as the monolithic integrated cir­cuits.

- What are these machines characterized by?

- They are characterized primarily by the ability to per­form several jobs, of different types concurrently and in real time.

- Which computer generation is known to have higher speed and im­proved reliability?

- ….

- Were can you find microprocessors?

- ….

- Is a single chip far more powerful than ENIAC or not?

- ….

- What does the term the Fifth Generation describe?

- It describes ….

- which are the key areas of ongoing research: artificial intelligence (AI), expert systems, natural language and decision making?

- ….

3.17 Define the parts of speech & translate these words.

Organize, organization, unorganized, organized, organizing, organizer; consider, considerable, considerate, consideration, considering, unconsidered; improve, improvement, improved, improving; require, requiring, required, requisite, requisition, request, requirement; fulfil, fulfilled, fulfilling, unfulfilled, fulfillment; memory, memorize, memorialize, memorial, memorable, memorandum, memoranda, memo, memento, memoir, immemorial; storage, store, storehouse, storekeeper, store-room; arithmetic, arithmetical, arithmetician; conduct, conductive, conductivity, conduction, ­conductor, semi­conductor, nonconductor, superconductor.