III. Writing Practice

III.1 Replace the following definitions by one word.

1. A hard mineral substance that melts when it is heated;

2. Material which has nothing metallic in its structure;

3. a suffix-form to nouns meaning “carrying” or “providing” (from Latin ferre = carry);

4. a metal formed by mixing two or more metals;

5. anything used for making something from Latin material = matter;

6. a characteristic, something that is special in a person or thing;

7. a quality or a characteristics of something.

III.2 Choose the appropriate words to the gaps.

1. The most important metal in industry is …. and its … - steel. 2. It is strong and …, but …. easily through rusting. 3. Pure iron is soft … and …, useful only for as an … material. 4. Carbon … and improves the physical properties of the … steel. 5. Steel making … are known as …, … and alloying.

6. Heat … and hot and … temperatures may also give steel alloys … qualities. 7. Molten steel may also be … directly into finished products.

III.3 Translate the following passage into Russian in writing. Use the dictionary if necessary.

Owing to the valuable properties of stainless steel its application may very from spoons to bank vaults. This steel does not rust because of the interaction between its alloying elements and the environment. Stainless steel contains iron, chromium, manganese, silicon, carbon and significant amounts of nickel and molybdenum. These elements react with oxygen from water and air and a very stable film of metal oxides and hydroxides, which may prevent additional corrosion because it limits the access of oxygen and water to the metal layers below. This film may not be seen without a powerful microscope that is why steel seems stainless when it is in fact corroded at the atomic level.

In summary, stainless steel does not rust because it may form a corrosion product layer for the protection against further attacks of oxygen.