Relations between Russian and the USA.

The relations between R and the USA under the Bush administration had a very difficult start.

Just weeks after Bush took office (вст в долж), the US expelled (выгнала) more than 50

Russian diplomats on charges of espionage. Moscow responded (ответила) by expelling an

equal number of US diplomats. Such issues as the further expansion of tne NATO and US withdrawal from the ABM Treaty also fueled tensions. Moscows reaction to the September 2001 terrorist attacks appeared to create an opportunity for improvement. Most crucially, R made it clear to the governments of the Central Asian republics that it did not object to a temporary US military presence in the region to wage (вести) the war in Afghanistan. Without R approval, the US would have found it far more difficult to gain the cooperation of those governments. R helped the US in other ways. For example, Moscow resisted the demand of the OPEC to cut its oil output to prevent a fall of global oil prices. As the worlds largest oil producer, R had a crucial role to play. America to announce withdrawal from the ABM Treaty, which Moscow had long regarded as the centerpiece of its relationship with the US on arms-control issues. US officials let it be known that the US intended to maintain a long-term military presence in the Central Asian republics. This was a classic deceit, and R officials made it clear that they were not happy about Washingtons action. R clearly prefers a close cooperative relationship with the US. Serious long-term damage will occur if the R people begin to see the US as a hostile power that always attempts to take advantage of their country. Now US NATO expansion (расширение) around R borders…, nuclear weapons arsenals, arms

8+7 Perspectives of Russian – Chinese relations.

Cooperation between Russia and China has been building for several years. From the 1990s China had become Russias largest arms customer. By 1996 the leaders of 2 countries were describing treir relationship as a “strategic partnership”, and it became routine for R and the Peoples Republic of China to issue joint statements criticizing US policy on such issues as NATO expansion, the development of ballistic-missile defenses. This cooperation has deepened(углубить) on several levels. Its symbolized by the creation of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. The SCO membership consists of R, C, and 4 Central Asian countries, has as its primary focus combating (борьба) Islamic extremism. But an important secondary motive – is to contain(содержать) Americas increasingly dominant (преобл) position in Asia. R and C wish to avoid a confrontational relationship with the United States. The triangular relationship R, C and the US is critically important. If the strategic triangle is managed properly (как следует), the danger of a great-power war in the coming decades will be virtually eliminated (устранять).