The UN was established on 24 October 1945 by 51 countries committed to preserving peace through international cooperation and collective security. Membership now totals nearly 200 countries. They agree to accept the obligations of the UN Charter. According to the Charter the UN has four purposes: to maintain international peace and security, to develop friendly relations among nations, to cooperate solving international problems and in promoting respect for human rights. The UN has 6 main organs. Five of them – the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the Trusteeship Council and the Secretariat – are based at UN Headquarters in New York. The sixth, the International Court of Justice in Netherlands. The General Assembly – a kind of parliament of nations which meets to consider the worlds most pressing problems. Each member state has one vote. They are solve such as international peace and security, admitting new members. The Assembly hold its annual regular session from September to December. The Security Council primary responsibilities for maintaining international peace and security. There are 15 Council members. Five of them – China, France, Russia, UK, US- are permanent members. The other 10 are elected by the GA for a 2-year term. The Security Council may recommend ways to avoid conflict or secure peace – through negotiations, for example, recourse to the International Court of Justice.
