| Functions
| The Infinitive
the for-infinitive complex,
the complex subject, the complex object
| The Gerund
the gerundial complex
| Participle I & II
the complex subject, the complex object,
the nominative absolute (participle) construction
|
| A subject
| It is odd for the child to read.
For him to read seems strange.
The poem is said to have been issued.
He was seen to enter the office.
He happened to be speaking out.
| The children shouting so loudly made me angry.
It is no use our repeating the experiment.
Him (his) sleeping badly was the result of the work.
| The wolves were seen running out of the forest.
The house was found ruined
|
| Part of a Predicate
(a compound nominal, modal predicate)
| The idea is for the bridge to be built across the river.
The task was hardfor me to carry out.
She must be easy for you to talk to.
| The thing washim not having returned till night.
|
|
| An Object
| They waited for the train to arrive.
She expected them to pass the exam.
She saw the boy throw a stone.
She made the child read.
| I insist on the papers being sent there.
I can’t rely on you (your) telling me the truth.
She approved of the child having been sent to school.
| She watched the child playing.
They heard her singing.
I want the fax sent.
You need to have the watch repaired.
Did you have your coat made.
|
| An Attribute
| The first thing for us to do was to send them a message.
There is no need for you to worry about.
| There was no hope of the school being built in time.
The fact of them having married was a surprise.
|
|
| Adverbial Modifiers of purpose, degree (result), unexpected result, time, cause, manner (attending circumstances),
Concession,
| They did their best (in order) for the guests to enjoy the party.
The task was too hard for me to carry out.
The shelf was low enough for her to reach.
| They had a feeling of satisfaction after (on, in, before, because of, for fear of, by, without, despite, in spite of, in case of) the childrenfinishing the work in time (the children’sbeing noticed).
| The weather being cold, we didn’t go out.
He left the room, (with) the dog following him.
She stood by the window, her hands folded.
He passed the street, cigar in mouth.
|
| After axillary verbs
| I do not like it. We will do it tomorrow.
|
| After MODAL VERBS butought
| He can swim. We must be off.
|
| After verbs of feeling and emotion
| I saw and heard him come. I felt my pulse quicken.
|
| After let– дозволяти, make – змушувати
| Let us visit him. She made me come back.
|
| After
had better
would rather
cannot but
nothing but
|
We had better go to France.
I would rather visit England.
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