Проверьте, как вы запомнили слова.

1.1. Переведите следующие слова/словосочетания, ис­ходя из значений, приведенных в скобках:

1. reliable а (надежный), rely v, reliability n; 2. predict v (прогнозировать), prediction n, predicted performance; 3. capa­ble а (способный), capability n, logic capability, 4. excess n (npeвышение), exceed v, in excess of, exceedingly high; 5. scaling n (масштабирование), scale n, on a large scale; 6. response n (реакция), respond v, responsibility n, responsible a, to be responsi­ble for, time response; 7. benefit v (приносить выгоду, пользу), benefit n, for the benefit of, without the benefit; 8. evolution n (развитие), evolve v; 9. concern n (дело, отношение, интерес), concern v

 

1.2. Определите значения английских слов, исходя из контекста:

1. прилагать большие efforts; 2. reliability — это качество любой машины; 3. performance любой задачи, performance схемы; 4. capability памяти человека; 5. competition между фирмами; 6. to exceed предел; 7. scale of измерения; 8. pre­diction of результатов; 9. to respond на сигнал; 10. экономиче­ская benefit

 

1.3. Переведите следующие слова. Обратите внимание на то, что префиксы dis-, in-, un-, mal-, non-, ir- придают сло­нам значение отрицания.

dis-: discharge v, disconnect v, disclose v, disadvantage n, disappear v

in-: invisible a, inaccurate a, inactive a, incapable a, incompact a

un-: unbalance v, unbelievable a, unconventional a, uncon­trollable a

mal-: malfunction n, malpractice n, malformed a

non-: non-effective a, non-metallic a, nonconductor n

ir-: irregular a, irrelative a, irresistible a

 

Обсудите содержание текста.

1.4. Просмотрите Основной текст еще раз. Ответьте на вопросы, используя информацию текста.

1. What would you say about electronics? 2. What would you say about the invention of the transistor? 3. What were the ad­vantages of the first transistors over the best tubes? 4. What would you say about the early transistors? 5. Why is the size of transis­tors of prime importance? 6. What is the second performance benefit resulting from microelectronics? 7. What are the principal elements of electronic circuits? 8. What does the overall reliability of electronic systems depend upon?

 

1.5. Сделайте обобщение информации о разработке транзисторов и интегральных схем (выполняется устно).

 

1.6. Просмотрите вторую часть (П) Основного текста. Сообщите, что вы узнали о:

1. the development of microelectronics; 2. several kinds of mi­croelectronic transistors; 3. bipolar amd metal-oxide-semicon­ductor field-effect tranistors; 4. the first generation of microelec­tronic devices

 

Проверьте, умеете ли вы переводить определительные блоки существительного.

 

1.7. Ознакомьтесь с типами определительных блоков существительного.

1. А + N/A + N

1) a small device, a small electronic device, a smaller device, the smallest possible device

2) a low consumption, a lower consumption, a lowest possible consumption, the least possible consumption

3) any complex function, more complex function, a most com­plex function, the most complex function, the most possible com­plex function, the least possible complex function

4) good shapes, better shapes, best shapes, bad shapes, worse shapes, the worst shapes

 

2. Adv + A + N

1) extremely high cost, entirely new application, increasingly complex technology, highly important invention

2) a far heavier unit, a far lower pressure, a far faster flow

3) a much faster change, a much denser population

4) a little longer operation, a little more serious attempt

 

3.А +N + N/A + N

1) a large time interval, a high flow temperature, different air speeds, low temperature growth

2) high-speed computers, high-quality device, thin-film tech­nology, single-layer structure

 

4. V_ing+N/Adv + V_ing+N

1) an increasing size, a decreasing number, an operating de­vice

2) a constantly increasing size, a steadily decreasing number, a slowly operating device

 

5. V_ed+N/Adv4rV_ed+N

1) achieved results, changed operations, produced devices

2) quickly achieved results, partially changed operations, commercially produced devices

 

6. Adv+V_ed+N

1) a much needed development, a much controlled addition

2) a round-shaped piece, a low-powered transmitter

 

7. N + N/N+N + N

1) process control — control process, cost reduc­tion — reduction cost, test operation — operation test

2) power consumption - power consumption change, circuit element — circuit element decrease, size reduction — size reduc­tion need

 

8. N-V_ing+N/N-V_ed+N

1) current-controlling device, man-operating machine, elec­tron-emitting source

2) consumption-related process, man-made change, error-op­erated system

 

1.8. Переведите следующие определительные блоки су­ществительного:

1. several basic functional units; 2. semiconductor device fabri­cation; 3. device application; 4. progressively thinner layers; 5. widely accepted unit; 6. relatively cheap source material; 7. power-producing element; 8 commercially produced microelectronic de­vices

 

1.9. Найдите определительные блоки существительного (с левым определением):

1. An equally systematic approach will be required in the new generation integrated circuits fabrication. 2. One recently invented microelectronic functional element has a distinction. 3. Today's microcomputer has more computing capacity than the first large electronic computer.

 

1.10. Переведите определительные блоки существи­тельного (с правым определением) или бессоюзные опре­делительные предложения:

1) the number of circuit components; the use of low gas ve­locities; the achievement of much less high temperature; the ad­vantage of carefully prepared silicon surfaces; rapidly developing technology of smaller electronic components

2) a description of the properties of circuit elements; the theme of a great number of publications

3) the computer compares the information it receives; the de­signer considers the size the chip has