Lexical Exercises. Exercise 1.Find the English equivalents for the words and word -

Exercise 1. Find the English equivalents for the words and word -

combinations given below.

 

примеси; доменная печь; поток воздуха; жидкое состояние; высотой в десять футов; экономить на топливе; температура внутри печи; большой прогресс в металлургии; поглощать углерод; недостаток топлива; кокс; преуспеть в ч-л; проводить опыты; преодолевать трудности; по всей Европе; воостановить свои позиции.

 

Exercise 2. Match the English words and word-combinations given

below with their Russian equivalents.

 

1. to melt iron to a liquid state 1.удалить примеси

2. to hammer out impurities 2. отделять от

3. efficient blast furnaces 3. точка плавления

4. at the bottom of the furnace 4. сравнять результаты

5. to separate from 5. расплавить железо до жидкого

состояния

6. melting point 6. быть в изобилии

7. to equal the output 7. на благо. ради

8. to be abundant 8. на дне печи

9. for the benefit of 9. высокопроизводительные

доменные печи

Exercise 3. Answer the following questions:

 

1. When did the first blast furnaces appear? 2. What is the work of a blast furnace based on? 3. Does the productivity of blast furnaces depend on their height? 4. Why did iron production in Britain begin to suffer? 5. What did Abraham Darby introduce into the process of iron-making?

 

Exercise 4. Complete the following statements by choosing the answer

which you think fits best. Are the other answers unsuitable?

Why?

 

1. No furnace in Europe could melt iron to a liquid state because:

a) there were too many impurities in it.

b) they were not hot enough.

c) water-powered bellows didn’t work properly.

2. The reason for the tremendous stride in metallurgy was:

a) the height of the furnace.

b) the shape of the furnace.

c) the internal temperature of the furnace.

3. Iron production in Britain began to suffer from:

a) the exhaustion of the deposits of iron ore.

b) political situation.

c)lack of fuel.

4. Abraham Darby succeeded in his experiments to do without charcoal

because:

a) he used coke.

b) he hammered out the impurities.

c) he mixed iron with carbon.

 

Exercise 5. Give a written Russian translation of the following passage.

 

1. In addition the rapid developments in the use of iron and steel during the Industrial Age brought with them greatly increased demand for other metals, particularly copper, tin and lead. Moreover, the demand was not only for greater tonnages but also for a far greater variety of metals. Many of these metals were one hundred years ago little known names in the periodic table, but have now come into prominence and have become marketable commodities. It is accordingly not surprising that there have been more notable advances in metallurgy during the century under review than in the whole history of this ancient art.

 

2. Limestone is included in the furnace because it mixes and combines with sand, clay and stones in the ore. They form a waste material, called slag, which floats on top of the molten metal.