UNIT 4. THE DISEASES OF THE LIVER AND BILE DUCTS

Грамматика: Самостоятельный причастный оборот.

LESSON 44

HOME ASSIGNMENTS

I. Прочтите предложения, ответьте на вопросы и выполните задания:

а) Suffering from a severe pain I called in a doctor.

б) My friend suffering from a severe pain, I called in a doctor.

I.* Найдите общее подлежащее в предложениях. 2.* Найдите сказуемое в предложениях. 3.* Какой неличной формой глагола является слово suffering в предложениях? 4.* Какую синтаксическую функцию выполняет слово suffering в предложениях? 5.* Переведите предложение (а) и скажите, кто страдал от сильной боли и кто вызвал врача. 6.* Кто страдал от сильной боли и вызвал врача в предложении (б)? 7. Следовательно, чем могут служить слова my friend по отношению к причастию suffering, и как надо перевести причастие?

П.* Найдите самостоятельный причастный оборот. Предложения переведите:

1. The abdominal incision having been made and the stomach opened, the ulcer was found to involve the posterior wall of the stomach. 2. There being profuse external haemorrhage, the patient was immediately taken to the hospital. 3. The digestion being considerably impaired, the patient constantly complained of epigastric pains.

Ш.* Укажите, что опущено в самостоятельных причастных оборотах. Переведите предложения:

1. The patient's condition better, he was allowed to sit up. 2. The procedure over, the nurse left the ward. 3. The surgeon out, I could not talk to him. 4. The retention of stool noted, the patient was administered a light diet.

IV. * Определите форму причастия в самостоятельном причастном обороте и время глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения:

1. The patient being admitted to the hospital, the doctor on duty examined him in the reception ward. 2. The female having been hospitalized, the generalized abdominal pain was controlled in three hours. 3. Generalized abdominal pain having increased, the doctor asked the nurse to give the patient another injection.

V. * Найдите самостоятельный причастный оборот. Определите в нем слово, играющее роль подлежащего:

1. The majority of the patients with hepatitis were between the ages of 41 and 55 years, the highest incidence of the disease being between 46 and 50 years. 2. Of the total number of the patients forty-eight have been relieved of digestive symptoms, four having died of other pathologic conditions. 3. Three patients have had symptoms of recurrence, one having died of a gastro-intestinal bleeding.

VI. Запомните чтение следующих слов. Найдите их перевод ниже: hepatitis [, hepa'taitis], viral ['vaiaral], infective [in'fektiv]. инфекционный, гепатит (воспаление печени), вирусный

VII. Выучите следующие слова: hepatic [hi'paetik] а печеночный bile [bail] и жёлчь

duct [dAkt] и проток

Jaundice ['d3o: ndis] и желтуха, желтушность

advance [ad'vans] v выдвигать (теорию, идею); продвигаться вперед effort ['efat] и усилие elderly ['eldali] а пожилой

survive [sa'vaiv] v выживать, остаться в живых, уцелеть; перенести (операцию)

source [sd: s] и источник entire [in'taia] а весь, целый

subsequent ['sAbsikwant] а последующий

simultaneous [, simal'teinjas] а одновременный

VIII. Прочтите и переведите следующие слова и словосочетания:

1. jaundice ['d3o'.ndis]: severe jaundice, to suffer from severe jaundice, jaundice was clearly marked;

2. survive [sa'vaiv]: to survive an injury, the patient survived the operation well, some viruses survive at a high temperature;

3. source [sd: s]: a source of infection, a source of knowledge, the source of virus is a sick person;

4. inadequately [in'aedikwitli]: inadequate, the patient was given an inadequate dose of medicine, inadequately treated;

5. subsequently ['sAbsikwantli]: subsequent, subsequent examination, to invade other organs subsequently;

6. simultaneously [, simal'teinjasli]: simultaneous, simultaneous impairment, to be impaired simultaneously

IX. 1. Прочтите текст A. 2. Найдите и переведите предложения:

а) с самостоятельным причастным оборотом; б) с причастным оборотом; в) с усилительным оборотом 'it is... that'. 3. Переведите текст:

Text A. Botkin's Disease

Botkin's disease, or the so-called epidemic or infectious hepatitis, is an acute viral disease affecting hepatic cells and bile ducts.

The prominent German scientist Virchow believing it to be due to obstruction of the common bile duct with mucus during inflammatory processes in the duodenum, the disease was called catarrhal jaundice.

But in 1880 the prominent Russian scientist S. Botkin having advanced the idea of an infectious origin of this disease, proved his suggestions by such facts as the involvement in this pathologic process not only of the liver but also of the nervous system, the kidneys, the enlargement of the spleen, etc.

But it was not before 1940 that the term " Botkin's disease" was introduced into medicine due to the efforts of the well-known Soviet physician M. Konchalovsky.

Botkin's disease occurs in epidemic form. This disease more commonly affects children, adults as well as elderly persons suffering from it frequently too.

Botkin's disease is known to be due to a filterable virus present in the blood, liver and found in stool and urine. The virus is infective only for man. As this virus cannot be seen under a usual microscope, it is revealed only by an electronic one. Being highly virulent virus survives in water, food, and on hands for days and weeks.

X. Выпишите из текста А эквиваленты следующих значений:

1. закупорка общего желчного протока; 2. благодаря усилиям; 3. а также пожилые люди; 4. печеночные клетки; 5. выживают в воде и пище; 6. увеличение селезенки; 7. острое вирусное заболевание; 8. воспалитель­ный процесс