Text Е. Intestinal Tumours

Many forms of tumours are known to occur in the intestines, but we shall limit our attention to the commonest, which is cancer. It generally leads to chronic intestinal obstruction and its accompanying symptoms. In addition there are usual symptoms of cancerous invasion—loss of weight and strength, progressive anaemia and pain of varying degree depending of the part affected. Any portion of the intestines is likely to be affected by carcinoma, but the usual areas are the upper part of the colon, the sigmoid and the rectum. In the latter situation the obstruction may be felt on rectal examination. In cancer of the colon and sigmoid a tumour is usually well palpable, the esophagus above the tumour is often thickened and spastic and peristaltic waves may be seen passing in the direction of the obstruction.

V. Выучите следующие слова и переведите предложения, в которых они употреблены:

retention [ri'tenfn] п задержка. The retention of urine is one of the clinical manifestations of a kidney disease.

stool [stu: l] n стул, испражнение. The laboratory analysis of the stool failed to reveal any blood.

tenderness ['tendanis] n болезненность. The patient complained of a moderate tenderness on palpation.

remove [ri'mu: v] v удалять, устранять. The surgeon removed the tumour which had involved the stomach.

VI. Переведите, используя или сложное подлежащее или сложное дополнение (письменно):

1. Известно, что прободная язва двенадцатиперстной кишки часто сопровождается обильным кровотечением. 2. Хирург заметил, что при пальпации болезненность в надчревной области распространяется вниз. 3. Считается, что задержка мочи является одним из клинических про­явлений болезни почек. 4. Оказывается, что перемежающаяся лихорадка отмечается в большинстве случаев туберкулеза. 5. Студенты наблюда­ли, как отоларинголог удаляет инородное тело из горла.

VII. a) Give the words of the close meaning:

to affect, to cause, to decrease, acute, slight, damage, to rise, to perforate, to spread, to enlarge, permanent

b) Give the words of the opposite meaning:

onset, gradually, fat, exertion, to precede, internal, malignant, moist, frequent, to improve, to result in

VIII. Supply one of known to you words of the same root. Make up sentences using them:

appear, tender, danger, occur, digest, bleed

IX. Explain the following terms:

hypothermia, fibrillation, leucocytosis, a causative agent, anaemia, malaise, pathogenesis, aetiology

X. Translate the sentences:

1. The surgeon did not doubt that he could perform this operation under local anaesthesia. 2. Gangrenous forms of appendicitis are dangerous to life because they may result in peritonitis. 3. The retention of stool may be due to the inflammatory process in the appendix. 4. During the operation the upper lobe of the lung was removed since a malignant tumour had been revealed there. 5. After the attack of acute appendicitis had been controlled the patient complained of a moderate tenderness on palpation.

XI. 1. Read and translate Text F. 2. Put questions to the text. 3. Retell it: