Infinitive

I	am	glad
He	is	happy
She	are	pleased
We	was	sorry
You	were
They	will be

to meet you.

to hear it.

to be late.

to have missed the train.

not to have been informed about it.

o be given this chance.

 

 

I	want like hate	to tell you everything about it. to be troubled when I am working, to play basket-ball, to be visited when I am ill. to be sent there.
I He/She We You They	can may must	find that magazine, be found there, show you the way to the station, be shown the way to the station, bring the children home.

 

Exercise 1. Combine the two sentences as in the models.

Models: / teach English here. I am glad of it. — / am glad to teach English here.

We helped him. We are happy about it. — We are happy to have helped him. I was examined yesterday. I am glad of it. — / am glad to have been examined yesterday.

A. 1. I work at the factory. I am happy about it. 2. I see you. I am glad of it. 3. I study French. I am glad of it. 4. I live in this town. I am happy about it. 5. I know this
man. I am happy about it.

B. 1. I am going to Paris. I am happy about it. 2. I am spending my holidays in the Crimea. I am happy about it. 3.I am listening to the symphony. I am glad of it. 4. I am
reading his letter. I am glad of it. 5. I am playing chess with you. I am glad of it.

C. 1. I spent my holidays in the Caucasus. I am happy about it. 2. He played chess with the world champion. He is happy about it. 3. I bathed in the river. I am glad of it.4.I learned English at school. I am glad of it. 5. I passed my examination yesterday. I am glad of it.

D. 1. I don't understand this rule. I am sorry about it.2.I am not working there now. I am sorry about it. 3. I have not seen this film. I am sorry about it. 4. She has not been working all these years. She is sorry about it. 5. Peter didn't see her. He is sorry about it.

E. 1. She was not invited to the evening party. She is sorry about it. 2. We are taught English. We are glad of it. 3. I was waked early this morning. I am glad of it. 4. I was
not informed of it. I am sorry about it. 5. I am not allowed to go there. I am sorry about it.

Exercise 2. State the function ef the infinitive in the sentences. Translate them.

1. Everyone had a wish to say something. (Gaskell) 2. He decided to go alone. (Gordon) 3. We must work hard to live. (Abrahams) 4. The question must be answered. (Heym) 5. It was difficult to believe. (Dickens) 6. She was going to my rooms to see my aunt. (Dickens) 7. She had no desire to open her heart to her aunt. (Gaskell) 8. The great thing is to make a good breakfast. (Jerome) 9. I am ready to go with Annie. (Dickens) 10. Nothing could be done before morning. (Gaskell) 11. It wasn't safe to cross the bridge at night. (Greene) 12. To earn a living he became a salesman. (Carter) 13. The man was the first to speak. (Gaskeli) 14. I am too old to be given a hiding. (Shaw) 15. This is my bench, and you have no right to take it away from me. (Albee)

Exercise 3. Translate into English using the infinitive.

A. 1. Я радий, що працюю разом з ним. 2. Я радий, що працював разом з ним. 3. Вона щаслива, що вчиться в цьому інституті. 4. Вона щаслива, що вчилась у цьому інституті 5. Meнi незручно, що я турбую вас. 6. Meнi незручно що я потурбував вас. 7. Він буде радий поїхати туди. 8. Biі буде радий, що поїхав туди.

Б. 1. Я радий запросити вас на веч1р. 2. Я радий, що мене запрошують на вeчip. 3. Я радий, що запросив ix на вечір. 4. Я радий, що мене запросили на вечір. 5. Я радий послати вам цю книжку. 6. Я радий, що послав вам цю книжку. 7. Я радий, що мене посилають на цю конфе­ренцію. 8. Я радий, що мене послали на цю конференцію.

В. 1. Я хочу послати цю телеграму. 2. Я хочу, щоб мене послали на конференцію. 3. Моя сестра хоче побачити їx там. 4. Вона не хоче, щоб її там побачили. 5. Дівчинка любить, щоб їй розповідали казки. 6. Дівчинка любить розповідати казки.

Г. 1. Забути цей день було неможливо. 2. Переправлятися через ріку вночібуло небезпечно. 3. Вчитися наполегливо — завдання кожного учня. 4. Допомогти йому тепер — значить врятувати його. 5. Її мета стати лікарем 6. Ваше завдання — написати твір про свої канікули. Наше завдання полягало в тому, щоб закінчити роботу до 5 грудня.

Д. 1. Biн перший допомїнам. 2. Вона написала твір першою. 3. Вона першою розповіла мені про це 4. Директор говорив на зборах останнім. 5. Biн першим поздоровив нас. 6. Я прийшов додому вчасно

Е. 1. Ми взяли тaксі щоб прибути на станцію вчасно. 2. Вона прийшла на пошту, щоб одержати посилку. 3. Я вімкнув телевізор, щоб подивитися футбольний матч. 4. Вони прїхали в туди для участі в спортивних змаганнях. 5. Завтра ми йдемо в лі с збирати гриби. 6. Щоб вивчити мову, ви повинні якомога більше читати.

6. 1. Погода була надто хороша, щоб залишитися вдома. 2. Завдання було надто складним, щоб зробити його за годину. 3. Biн досить досвідчений, щоб виконати це завдання. 4. Сьогодні надто холодно, щоб іти на pічку. 5. В цьому тексті надто багато нових слів,щоб зрозуміти його без словника.

Exercise 181. Make five sentences from each table.

.

saw heard watched noticed

him her them you the girl

enter the house, leave the room, play the piano, sing, approach the river.

 

I	made	him	(to)	learn the poem by heart.
He/She	let	them		do the exercise again.
We	caused	you		go home.
You	forced	me		buy it.
They				read it aloud.

I He/She We You They

her them you me the boys

want(s) wanted like(s) should like would like

to become an agronomist, to work here, to speak English, to sing this song, to stay here.

 

I	expect(s)	him	to come back at five.
He/She	expected	them	to help them.
We		me	to arrive on Monday.
You		you	to win the match.
They		us	to answer the letter at once.
I Не/Shei We You They	considered believed thought knew supposed	him you us them me	to be brave, to be an honest man. to be lazy, to be about twenty-five, to be a good pupil.
I He/She We You They	find(s) found	it the film the subject the story the flat	difficult, to be easy, to be funny, to be dull, to be comfortable.

Exercise 4 Combine the given two sentences into one using the Objective Infinitive Complex. Model: Mary opened the window. I saw it. — / saw Mary open the window.

1. Peter took my pen. I saw it. 2. He ran to the river. I saw it. 3. The girl smiled. I noticed it. 4. The children shouted in the next room. I heard it. 5. She played the violin. My brother heard it. 6. The man tried'to open the door. We saw it. 7. They got into a taxi. He saw it. 8. Somebody knocked at the door. We heard it.

Exercise 5. Change the following complex sentences trrto simple ones using the Objective Infinitive Complex.

A. 1. We watched the dockers as they unloaded the ship.2. They watched me as I made my bed. 3. Mother saw him as he climbed over the fence. 4. I watched them as they played
ice-hockey. 5. Nobody noticed her as she went away.

B. 1. We expect that he will come back at 7. 2. They expect that their football team will win the ga»me. 3. She expected that her friend would write her a letter. 4. I expect
that you will come in tijne. 5. He expects that his friends will help him.

C. 1. I think that he is a goo4 engineer. 2. I suppose that he is about forty. 3. I believe that they are at home now.4. I know that she is very modest. 5. They believe that he is

honest.

D. 1. My wish is that you should tell me about it. 2. Her parents' wish is that she should enter a music school.3, Our wish is that you should go to the forest with us.4, His father's wish is that he should become an engineer.5.My wish is that you should stay here.

E.I.I desire that he should see me off. 2. I desire that she should go shopping. 3. We desire that he should repair our rack set. 4. I desire that he should stop smoking.5. I desire that they should return tomorrow.

Exercise 6. Translate into English using Complex Object..

1. Я хочу, щоб ти допоміг мені.2. Батько xoтiв, щоб я прочитав цю книжку.3. Meні б хотілось, щоб вони приїхали до мене.4. Вона хотіла, щоб його запросили на вечірку.5. Я терпіти не можу, коли ти запізнюєшся.6. Ми хочемо, щоб він заспівав цю пісню.7. Moi' батьки не хотіли б, щоб я отримував погані оцінки.8. Він xoтiв би, щоб ти не казав цього.9. Бона бажає, щоб тільки ви приносили цю каву.10. Я не хочу, щоб вони знали про це.11. Вчитель хоче, щоб учні не переривали його.12. Мій друг не хоче, щоб я заплатив за обід.13. Кожен вчитель хоче, щоб його учні вчилися добре.

 

Exercise 7. Translate into English using Complex Object..

I. Вона хоче, щоб ви заспокоїли дітей. '. Ми бажаемо, щоб ти була щасливою. Я xoтiв би, щоб ти збepir цей секрет. і. нixто не xoтiв, щоб він зіпсував вечрку.Дівчина любить, щоб бабуся розповідала їй казки.Поліція вважае за краще, щоб вони знали про цей злочин. Хлопчик хоче, щоб батьки купили йому найсучасніший компьютер.Він не xoтiв, щоб я будив його.Ми б хотіли, щоб люди стали добрішими Вони хочуть, щоб ця жіка навчала ixнix дітей французько мови.Хочеш, я дам To6i свій новий диск? Професор не xoтiв, щоб студенти припиняли дослідження. Я б xoтiв, щоб ця комп'ютерна програма була сучаснішою. Чому вони не хочуть, щоб ми говорили про це? Він хоче, щоб вам допомогли.

Exercise 8. Translate into English using Complex Object..

1. Bci батьки хочуть, щоб ixнi діти були щасливими.2. Я б xoтiв, щоб ти не розмовляв так багато.3/ Його батьки завжди хотили, щоб він став музикантом.4. Вона бажае, щоб її речі запакували негайно.5. Ви б хотіли, щоб ми прийшли о сьомій?6. Вони не хотила, щоб багаж поклали в машину.7. Він xoтiв би, щоб вас запросили на зустріч.8. Чому ти не любиш, щоб ці люди приходили до нас?9. Bci xotіjiи, щоб вона, нapeштi, дізналась про правду.10. Ми хочемо, щоб общєподали до залу.11. Я терпіти не можу, коли мій син забувае ключі.12. Ми хочемо, щоб клієнтів обслуговували пpoфecioнали.13. Мама хоче, щоб каву подали о 5.

Exercise 9. Make up five sentences from each table.

I He She We They

am is are was were

expected known believed considered supposed

to arrive in Kiev tomorrow, to be very strong, to be interested in chemistry, to make a present for her. to be a lover of music.

 

I He She We You

am is are was were

seen heard watched noticed

to cross the street at that place, to play volley-ball, to burst out laughing, to unlock the door, to approach the school building.

 

I He She We They

seem(s) appeared happened proved chanced

to understand spoken English, to have recognized me. to be cooking dinner, to know the city very weff. to meet them at the exhibition.

 

I He We You They

am is are was were

sure certain likely unlikely

to come back in time, to know French, to lose the match, to solve the problem, to get an excellent mark.

 

Exercise 10. Transform the sentences using the Subjective Infinitive Complex instead of the Objective Infinitive Complex.

Model: / saw her read the letter. — She was seen to read the letter.

1. We heard her sing a folk song. 2. I saw him put his coat on. 3. They heard the clock strike nine. 4. We saw the rider disappear in the distance. 5. We saw the plane take off. 6. They expected him to return in a fortnight. 7. We know her to be a talented actress. 8. Everybody supposed him to be a foreigner. 9. Everybody considered him to be a great man. 10. I expect the telegram to be sent tomorrow.

Exercise 11. Transform the following complex sentences into simple ones using the Subjective Infinitive Complex.

A. 1. It is said that they work in the field. 2. It is believed that she knows several foreign languages. 3. It is said that the film is very interesting. 4. It is supposed that he understands Spanish. 5. It is reported that the cosmonauts feel well.

B. 1. It is said that Kate is preparing for her entrance examinations. 2. It is said that they are working in the field.3. It is reported that the painter is working at a new picture.

3. It is believed that he is writing a historical novel.

C. 1. It is reported that the delegation arrived in Paris on the 10th of September. 2. It is reported that our spaceship has reached the moon. 3. It is believed that this house was
built in the 18th century. 4. It is said that she has been teaching mathematics for thirty years.

D. 1. It is expected that he will arrive on Monday. 2. It is supposed that the book will be published next year. 3. It was expected that the film would be shown in May. 4. It was supposed that the weather would be fine in April. 5. It is expected that he will buy a car.

E. 1. It seems that they live in the same house. 2. It seems that he is composing a new symphony. 3. It seems that he knew it long ago. 4. It seems that she is listening.5.It proved that you were right. 6. It turned out that the text was very difficult.

Exercise 12. Transform the sentences according to the models.

Models: It is (im)probable that he will come tomorrow.—? He is (un) likely to cometomorrow.He will certainly come. — He is sure to come. He will probably come. He is likely to come.

A. 1 It is probable that it will rain before evening.

2. It is improbable that she will forget her promise. It is probable that the winter will be very cold this year. 4. It is probable that they will be late. 5. It is improbable that this medicine will help him.

B. 1. They will certainly like this film. 2. The doc­tor will certainly do his best. 3. He will probably for­get the address. 4. She will probably catch cold. 4. He will certainly do his duty. 6. The weather will probably change.

Exercise 13. Translate into English using Complex Subject..

1. She is said to be a very kind woman.2. He is considered to heave finished his scientific researches.3. What are they supposed to be doing?4. Children were supposed to have stayed in the countryhouse.5. This student is believed to know four foreign language.6. She is believed to have been instructed about everything.7. He was believed to be preparing a report8. The new invention is considered to be applied in some days.9. They aren't supposed to take part in this conference. 10. What am I expected to answer

Exercise 14. Translate into English using Complex Subject.

1. My work is considered to be finished in some hours.

2. You are supposed to have told the truth.

3. His parents were not expected to come so early.

4. The pupils are not considered to know the answers to
these questions.

5. What are they expected to do now?

6. My friends are believed to be their way to my place.

7. Do you know the ship is reported to call in the port
tomorrow?

8. Isn't he considered to be one of the best surgeon?

9. Her father was to have been appointed to this post.

 

10. These plants are known to grow in subtropics.

11. She was heard to have left for France.

12. Who is considered to be the best specialist in this field
of science?

13. The documents are reported to have been received.

14. They are said to have been traveling for a long time.

15. These reforms are thought to be difficult to carry out.

16. These'is said to be plenty of oil off own coast.

17. The train can be expected to arrive at seven.

Exercise 14. Translate into English using Complex Subject.

1. Полщія не думає, що він скоїв злочин.

2. Вважають, що вона дуже чесна людина.

3. Кажуть, що він був шпигуном під час війни.

4. Hixто не чекав, що ціни знову підвищаться.

5. Не можна чекати, що температура повітря підвищиться завтра.

6. Вважали, що його колекцію картин продано за низькою ціною.

7. Припускають, що ix забрали саме до цього госпіталю.

8. Говорять, що в комп'ютерній індустрїї з'явиться багато

9. Виявилось, що документи ще не підписані.

10. Оголошують, що результати тестуваная ще недійшли.

11. Бачили, що він зайшов до свого кабінету.

12. Цю симфонію вважають одним iз найкращих творів цього композитора.

13. Відомо, що він був найпопулярнішим письменником свого часу.

14. Повідомили, що літак впав у море.

15. Встановлено, що властивості цієї глини дуже корисні для людини.

Exercise 14. Translate into English using Complex Subject.

1. Говорять, що Джейн знає все про життя тварин.

2. Відомо, що цей сорт дуже популярний серед гібридів.

3. Виявилось, що він змінив адресу.

4. Не чекали, що він так швидко піде вгору.

6. Відомо, що ця експедиція проводить розкопки вже тривалий час.

7. Припускають, що результати ixнix дослідів можуть виявитися незадовіьними.

8. Було відомо, що бyдiвлю зруйнували під час війни.

9. Кажуть, він досяг великого ycпіxy в спорті

10. Не можна занадто сподіватися, що наші умови приймуть беззастережно.

11. Якщо він цього не зробить, його вважатимуть нечесною людиною.

12. Очікують, що цей фільм буде відзначено на фестивалі премією.

13. Думаю, що він зараз працює в бібліотеці.

14. Говорять, що клімат на землі стає теплішим.

15. Допускають, що будівництво нової школи завершиться до першого вересня.

It

IS was will be

Exercise 15. Make up five sentences from each table.

for

necessary important dangerous high time better

me you him us them

to stay here.

to go there at once.

to cross the river here.

to buy it.

to take a taxi.

for

is was will be would be

me him you us them

The best thing

to invite them, to see a doctor, to wait.

to go there by plane, to go home.

 

I He/She We You They

wait(s) waited will wait

for

me him you us them

to speak, to go out. to send an invitation, to come back, to answer.

 

Exercise 16. Transform the following complex sentences into simple ones using the Prepositional Infinitive Complex.

1. It is necessary that we should start early in the morn­ing. 2. It is necessary that she should come here in time.3. It is important that he should work systematically.4. It is necessary that you should air the room twice a day.5. It is necessary that you should go in for sports.

Exercise 17. Paraphrase the following using the Prepositional Infinitive Complex.

Model: The stone was too heavy. I couldn't lift it. — The stone was too heavy for me to lift it.

1. The text is too difficult. The pupils can't translate it, 2. The car is too dear. I can't buy it. 3. The story is easy enough. I can read it without a dictionary. 4. The weather was too bad. We couldn't go to the forest. 5. The coat is too long. She can't wear it.

Exercise 18. Find infinitive complexes in the following sentences and state their functions. Translate the sentences.

1. Then he seemed to hear a voice. (Gordon) 2. I saw her look at him. (Dickens) 3. What do you want me to do? (Heym) 4. Jude watched her disappear in the direction of the hotel. (Hardy) 5. She made her brother talk of himself, (Wilde) 6. I never expected you to ask him at all. (Shaw) 7. My father doesn't want us to know each other. (Galsw­orthy) 8. He seemed to be looking for words. (Greene) 9. Her face seemed to have become much more youthful, (Gaskell) 10. We saw him enter the station. (Gaskell)

11. Mr. Rochester is not likely to return soon. (Bronte) 12. She seemed not to listen to him. (Wilde) 13. Clyde felt himself tremble. (Dreiser) 14. I don't like to hear you speak so of Harry. (Gaskell) 15. You don't seem to understand how hard it is. (Tressel) ^l

Exercise 19. Translate into English using iraftinitive complexes.

A. 1. Ми бачили, як вона переходила вулицю. 2. Я помітиив, що вона розгорнула книжку. 3. Учні бачили, як приземлився літак. 4. Я чула, як вони співали цю пісню5.Ми помітили, що він встав i вийшов з кімнати. 6. Bci чули, як ти сказав це. 7. Вони бачили, що я 6iг додому,8. Мати почула, що дитина заплакала.

Б. 1. Я хочу, щоб ви зробили це сьогодні. 2. Мені хотьлося б, щоб ви прийшли ці збори. 3. Його батько хоче, щоб він став лікарем. 4. Мені не подобається, коли він го­ворить так повільно. 5. Я хочу, щоб ти задмівся тут,6.Я не хочу, щоб ви йшли сьогодні в кіно.

В. I. Ми сподівалися, що він приїде у середу. 2. Я не думав, що ти запізнищся. 3. Ви уважаєте и добрим організатором? 4. Лікарі сподіваються, що він скоро видужає 5. Вчені вважають, що це місто було засноване в XII столітті. 6. Ми сдодіваємося що наша волейбольна команда виграє матч.

Г. 1. Учитель змусив нас вивчити вірш напам'ять. 2. Що примусило вас піти туди в таку погану погоду? 3. Ми примусимо його прибрати кімнату. 4. Дощ примусив мене залишитися тут. 5. Я не змушував вас робити це.

Д. 1. Кажуть, що він зараз живе в Kиєві 2. Кажуть, що він жив у Києві 3. Повідомляють, що польська делегація прибула до Києва. 4. Вважають, що ця фортеця була збудована в X ст. 5. Вважають, що він дуже освічена людина. 6. Кажуть, що він найкращий спортсмен у школі 7. Відомо, що вона вивчала кілька іноземних мов.

Е. 1. Було чути, як наближався поїзд. 2. Кожного ранку ми бачили її крамницю 3. Чули, як вона співала в сусідній кімнаті. 4. Ніколи не бачили, щоб він сердився. 5. Було видно, як високо в He6i летів літак.

€. 1. Вона здаеться, знає французьку мову. 2. Здається, він одержав ваш лист. 3. Здавалося, що вони не слухають його, 4. Сталося так, що ми зустрілись у Полтаві 5. BiH виявився здібним математиком. 6. Очевидно, ви забули про це.

Ж. 1. Він, напевно, прийде сьогодні ввечері 2. Вони, очевидно, знають про це. 3. Навряд, щоб вона дістала цю книжку. 4. Цей фьльм, безсумнівно, сподобаеться вам. 5. Ми, мабуть, не підемо туди. 6. Biн, очевидно, запізниться.