Program Development
Software designers create new programs by using special applications programs, often called utility programs or development programs. A programmer uses another type of program called a text editor to write the new program in a special notation called a programming language. With the text editor, the programmer creates a text file, which is an ordered list of instructions, also called the program source file. The individual instructions that make up the program source file are called source code. At this point, a special applications program translates the source code into machine language, or object code – a format that an operating system will recognize as a proper program and be able to execute. Three types of applications programs translate from source code into object code: compilers, interpreters and assemblers. The three operate differently and on different types of programming languages, but they serve the same purpose of translating from a programming language into machine language. A compiler translates text files written in a high-level programming language - such as FORTRAN, C or Pascal – from the source code into object code all at once. This differs from the approach taken by interpreted languages such as BASIC, ALP and LISP, in which a program is translated into object code statement by statement as each instruction is executed.
Exercise 3. Translate the following word combinations. Program development, software designers, applications program, text editor, utility program, an ordered list of instructions, program source file, source code, an operating system, to be able to execute, to operate differently, to serve the same purpose, to translate statement by statement. Exercise 4. Write English equivalents to the following words and word combinations.
Exercise 5. Put questions to the underlined words. 1. Software designers create new programs by using special applications programs. 2. A programmer uses another type of program called a text editor to write the new program. 3. The individual instructions that make up the program source file are called source code. 4. Three types of applications programs translate from source code into object code: compilers, interpreters and assemblers.
Exercise 6. Rewrite the sentences in Reported Speech. 1. The teacher said: “Do not use capital letters inappropriately.” 2. He said to me: “Check the manual, please.” 3. The teacher asked us: “Are you ready to surf the net?” 4. The girl asked the administrator: “How can I visit a web site?” 5. The man said: “You can send e-mail fast and cheaply.” 6. Helen said to Pete: “Did you play computer games yesterday?”
Exercise 7. A. Paraphrase the sentences using the Objective Infinitive Complex. Model: I saw him. He entered the house. – I saw him enter the house. 1. I heard him. He shut the door of the study. 2. He slipped and fell. I saw it. 3. I saw that he opened the door and left the room. 4. I expect that he will understand your problem and help to solve it. 5. I know that my friend is a football fan. 6. Nobody noticed her as she went away.
B. Paraphrase the sentences using the Subjective Infinitive Complex. Model: It was announced that the Russian dancers would arrive next week. – The Russian dancers were announced to arrive next week. 1. It is said that the book is popular with both old and young. 2. Scientists consider that the electricity exists throughout space. 3. We expect that the weather would be fine in April. 4. It seems that the operation will be very difficult.
Exercise 8. Answer the following questions. 1. What programs do software designers use to create new programs? 2. What is a text editor used for? 3. What is a text file? 4. What is an object code? 5. What are the three types of applications programs? 6. How do applications programs operate?
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