Варіант 8

Exercise 1. Read the following words and word combinations. Memorize them:

 

high-level language	мова високого рівня	язык высокого уровня
whereas	тоді як	тогда как
in other words	іншими словами	другими словами
convenient	зручний	удобный
means of describing	засіб опису	средство описания
sequence	послідовність	последовательность
require	вимагати, потребувати	требовать
perform	виконувати	выполнять
particular	певний	определенный
independent	незалежний	независимый
support	підтримувати	поддерживать
major advantage	велика перевага	большое преимущество
firstly	по-перше	во-первых
secondly	по-друге	во-вторых
portable	переносний	переносной
however	незважаючи на, проте, однак	тем не менее, несмотря на, однако
feature	особливість, характерна риса	особенность, характерная черта
achieve	досягати	достигать
in most cases	у більшості випадків	в большинстве случаев
relevant	відповідний	соответствующий
conciseness	стислість	краткость
carry	переносити, передавати, виражати	переносить, передавать, выражать
impossible	неможливий	невозможный
ability	здатність	способность
reflect	відображати	отражать
clearly	чітко	ясно

 

 

Exercise 2. Read and translate the text in writing.

 

What Is a High -Level Language?

A high-level language is a problem-oriented programming language, whereas a low level language is machine-oriented. In other words, a high level language is a convenient and simple means of describing the information structures and sequences of actions required to perform a particular task.

A high-level language is independent of the architecture of the computer which supports it. This has two major advantages. Firstly, the person writing the programs does not have to know anything about the computer on which the program will be run. Secondly, programs are portable, that is, the same program can (in theory) be run on different types of computer. However, this feature of machine independence is not always achieved in practice.

In most cases, programs in high-level languages are shorter than relevant programs in low-level languages. However, conciseness can be carried too far, to the point where programs become impossible to understand. Some important features of a high-level language are its ability to reflect clearly the structure of programs written in it, and its readability.

 

Exercise 3. Translate the following word combinations.

A problem-oriented programming language, convenient means of describing, sequences of actions, to perform a particular task, major advantages, to be achieved in practice, equivalent programs, impossible to understand, ability to reflect, the structure of programs.

 

Exercise 4. Write English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:

- виконувати певне завдання	- выполнять определенную задачу     - зада   зззззззззззззззадачу
- бути незалежним від архітектури комп’ютера	- быть независимым от архитектуры компьютера
- запускатися (працювати) на різних типах комп’ютерів	- запускаться (работать) на разных типах компьютеров
- властивість бути незалежним від комп’ютера	- свойство быть независимым от компьютера
- у більшості випадків	- в большинстве случаев
- деякі важливі риси	- некоторые важные черты
- чітко відображати структуру	- четко отображать структуру
- програми є портативними	- программы являются портативными
- комп’ютер, що її підтримує	- компьютер, который ее поддерживает
- залежний від комп’ютера	- зависимый от компьютера

 

Exercise 5. Put questions to the underlined words.

1. A high level language is a problem-oriented programming language.

2. The same program can be run on different types of computers.

3. This feature of machine independence is not always achieved in practice.

4. Some important features of a high-level language are its ability to reflect clearly the structure of programs, and its readability.

 

Exercise 6. Rewrite the sentences in Reported Speech.

1. He warned the child: “Don’t cross the street”. 2. He begged me: “Please send the money immediately”. 3. She asked him: “Do you like my new hat?” 4. He asked me: “How are you today?” 5. John said: “I have to work tonight”. 6. She asked: “Did you see that movie?”

 

Exercise 7. A. Paraphrase the sentences using the Objective Infinitive Complex.

Model: He took your umbrella. I saw it. – I saw him take your umbrella.

1. I saw them. They arrived in the morning. 2. She saw him. He locked the door and went out. 3. The telephone rang. I heard it. 4. We expect that you will help us. 5. We don’t eat ice-cream before dinner because our mother has forbidden it. 6. She watched me. I opened the safe.

 

B. Paraphrase the sentences using the Subjective Infinitive Complex.

Model: It is expected that they will win. – They are expected to win.

1. It is believed that she will become a very famous writer. 2. It is said that they have achieved great success. 3. We expect that you will debug this program. 4. It seems that they have known each other for a long time.

 

Exercise 8. Answer the questions to the text in writing.

1. What is a high-level language?

2. What is a high-level language independent of?

3. What are two major advantages of a high-level language?

4. Are programs in high-level languages shorter than relevant programs in low-level languages?

5. What are some important features of a high-level language?