A concept is an abstract or general idea of some phenomenon of objective reality also comprising subjective feelings and emotions of human beings.
A word expresses a concept by its meanings. Each meaning denotes a separate concept. Meaning is the unity of generalization, communication and thinking possessing an expanded semantic structure. (L. Vygotsky) Prof. Galperin’s classification of the semantic structure of a word comprises: LOGICAL NOMINAL EMOTIVE meanings. Logical (referential) or denotative meaning is the precise naming of a feature, idea, phenomenon or object: E.g.: friend, mate, chum, pal, buddy are united by the same denotative meaning. Nominal meaning nominates an object. It is referred to proper nouns: Mr. Black, Mr. Hope. It serves the purpose of singling out one definite and singular object out of a whole class of similar objects: E.g. Browning, Taylor, Scotland, Black, Chandler, Chester. Emotive meaning also materializes a concept in the word, but, unlike logical meaning, it has reference not directly to things or phenomena of objective reality, but to the feelings and emotions of the speaker towards these things or to his emotions as such. Emotive meaning (coloring) can be usual or occasional. A girl (tart, broad, bird) might bereferred to one and the same person to portray the character’s respect or disrespect towards the girl.
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