I. Read and translate the text.
II. Answer the following questions: 1. What does the term «menu» mean? 2. How are the decisions about the menu made? 3. Why is planning of the menu important? 4. What should the menu planner know? 5. Why do staffs of institutional food services include dietitians? 6. How are foods usually classified according to their nutritional values? 7. In what way do these elements contribute to the health of the people? What is a calorie? 8. Why should the modern menu planner be aware of calories? 9. How do restaurants attract customers who watch their weight? 10. Why do foodservice establishments have to vary their menus? 11. What is food appeal and why is it important? 12. Who is generally responsible for menu planning? 13. What is the normal procedure of menu planning? 14. What dishes are usually decided on in the first place? 15. What features may remain on the menu for a long time? 16. What are the customary systems of pricing dishes? 17. Why are restaurants with a la carte menu more expensive? 18. Why do people think that restaurants make a large profit? 19. What is overhead(s)? 20. What do overheads include in the foodservice industry? 21. How are direct costs calculated? 22. Why do food costs vary? 23. What is merchandising? Why is it important? 24. Why is the printed menu a key factor in restaurant merchandising? 25. How do restaurants make their printed menus attractive? 26. What features are indications of an eating establishment? 27. Why is word-of-mouth recommendation a very important means of merchandising? 28. What happens if the food is disappointing for the customer? 29. What other factors affect menu planning? 30. How do customers make a choice? 31. Why do customers ask for a copy of the menu?
III. Sum up what you've learned from the text about:
· different meanings of the term «menu»; · the properties in food that contribute to the healthy diet; · the importance of the calorie count in menu planning; · food appeal and the ways to use it; · the people responsible for menu planning; · the customary procedures of menu planning; · two systems of pricing dishes; · direct and indirect costs in the restaurant business; · merchandising and the most effective means of merchandising restaurants; · other factors that affect planning · IV. Find in the text another way of expressing the following: 1. The food served by a restaurant; also a list of foods and beverages from which a customer makes a choice. 2. A person trained in planning menus for maximum nutritional value. 3. An accomplished cook, either the head cook or the one who prepares complicated specialties. 4. The container in which food is served; also a particular item of prepared food. 5. Oily substances in food that provide heat and energy and build fatty tissue. 6. Indirect costs involved in doing business, such as rent, taxes, electricity and insurance; they cannot be assigned to a particular part of the operation. 7. Making a product interesting or appealing so that customers will want to buy it; restaurant ______ includes not only food and service but factors such as appearance, location and advertising. 8. An arrangement in which each course of a meal is priced separately. 9. The qualities in food that nourish health or growth of the person eating it. 10. A person specialising in the preparation of food that is cooked quickly, often found at a lunch counter or fast food establishment. 11. The units of heat used to measure the energy-producing value of food. 12. An arrangement in which the price of the entree includes a complete meal. 13. The vital cell-building substances in food. 14. A dish other than soup served before the main course to stimulate the appetite. 15. The substances, necessary for life, that regulate the functioning of nerves and glands. 16. The recognisable symbol of an organisation or business. 17. A dish served at the end of the meal; most often it is sweet.
V. Say whether the following statements are true or false: 1. A well-balanced meal includes proteins, carbohydrates, fats, minerals, vitamins and water. 2. Variety in a menu can be achieved either by offering a large number of different dishes over a long period of time or by changing the dishes every day. 3. Since all foods have the same properties, it is not necessaryjbr a menu planner to have any knowledge of nutrition. 4. After a restaurant opens, no additional decisions about its daily operations need to be made. 5. Restaurants have other costs, both direct and indirect, in addition to the cost of food. 6. A change in the price of a popular dish in a restaurant may meet with customer resistance that results in waste and loss of profits. 7. Word-of-mouth recommendation plays very little part in the success of a restaurant. 8. Merchandising a restaurant includes such factors as appearance, location, cuisine, and a menu that pleases the customers. 9. Many people today watch the number of calories they eat because they have become aware of the relationship between beauty, health and weight. 10. The appeal that food makes to the eye and the nose is not an important consideration in menu planning. 11. Menu planning is carried out by a committee which always includes a dietitian. 12. The menu planner must take into consideration the foods available in the market or in the restaurant itself in the form of leftovers.
VI. Translate into English using the vocabulary from the text:
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