Active Voice
| Time
| Affirmative Form
| Interrogative Form
| Negative Form
| | I
N
D
E
F
I
N
I
T
E
| Present
| I ask
he (she) asks
we (you, they) ask
| do I ask?
does he (she) ask?
do we (you, they) ask?
| I do not ask
he (she) does not ask
we (you, they) do not ask
| |
Past
| I asked
He (she) asked
We (you, they) asked
| Did I ask?
Did he (she) ask?
Did we (you, they) ask?
| I did not ask
He (she) did not ask
We (you, they) did not ask
| |
Future
| I shall ask
He (she) will ask
We shall ask
You (they) will ask
| Shall I ask?
Will he (she) ask?
Shall we ask?
Will you (they) ask?
| I shall not ask
He (she) will not ask
We shall not ask
You (they) will not ask
| | C
O
N
T
I
N
U
O
U
S
|
Present
| I am asking
He (she) is asking
We (you, they) are asking
| Am I asking?
Is he (she) asking?
Are we (you, they) asking?
| I am not asking
He (she) is not asking
We (you, they) are not asking
| |
Past
| I was asking
He (she) was asking
We (you, they) were asking
| Was I asking?
Was he (she) asking?
Were we (you, they) asking?
| I was not asking
He (she) was not asking
We (you, they) were not asking
| | Future
| I shall be asking
He (she) will be asking
We shall be asking
You (they) will be asking
| Shall I be asking?
Will he (she) be asking?
Shall we be asking?
Will you (they) be asking?
| I shall not be asking
He (she) will not be asking
We shall not be asking
You (they) will not be asking
| | P
E
R
F
E
C
T
| Present
| I have asked
He (she) has asked
We (you, they) have asked
| Have I asked?
Has he (she) asked?
Have we (you, they) asked?
| I have not asked
He (she) has not asked
We (you, they) have not asked
| |
Past
| I had asked
He (she) had asked
We (you, they) had asked
| Had I asked?
Had he (she) asked?
Had we (you, they) asked?
| I had not asked
He (she) had not asked
We (you, they) had not asked
| |
Future
| I shall have asked
He (she) will have asked
We shall have asked
You (they) will have asked
| Shall I have asked?
Will he (she) have asked?
Shall we have asked?
Will you (they) have asked?
| I shall not have asked
He (she) will not have asked
We shall not have asked
You (they) will not have asked
|
Таблица 7 Passive Voice
| Time
| Affirmative Form
| Interrogative Form
| Negative Form
| | I
N
D
E
F
I
N
I
T
E
| Present
| I am asked
He (she) is asked
We (you, they) are asked
| Am I asked?
Is he (she) asked?
Are we (you, they) asked?
| I am not asked
He (she) is not asked
We (you, they) are not
asked
| |
Past
| I was asked
He (she) was asked
We (you, they) were asked
| Was I asked?
Was he (she) asked?
Were we (you, they) asked?
| I was not asked
He (she) was not asked
We (you, they) were not asked
| |
Future
| I shall be asked
He (she) will be asked
We shall be asked
You (they) will be asked
| Shall I be asked?
Will he (she) be asked?
Shall we be asked?
Will you (they) be asked?
| I shall not be asked
He (she) will not be asked
We shall not be asked
You (they) will not be asked
| | C
O
N
T
I
N
U
O
U
S
|
Present
| I am being asked
He (she) is being asked
We (you, they) are being asked
| Am I being asked?
Is he (she) being asked?
Are we (you, they) being asked?
| I am not being asked
He (she) is not being asked
We (you, they) are not being asked
| |
Past
| I was being asked
He (she) was being asked
We (you, they) were being asked
| Was I being asked?
Was he (she) being asked?
Were we (you, they) being asked?
| I was not being asked
He (she) was not being asked
We (you, they) were not being asked
| | Future
|
________
|
_________
|
_________
| | P
E
R
F
E
C
T
| Present
| I have been asked
He (she) has been asked
We (you, they) have been asked
| Have I been asked?
Has he (she) been asked?
Have we (you, they) been asked?
| I have not been asked
He (she) have not been asked
We (you, they) have not been asked
| |
Past
| I had been asked
He (she) had been asked
We (you, they) had been asked
| Had I been asked?
Had he (she) been asked?
Had we (you, they) been asked?
| I had not been asked
He (she) had not been asked
We (you, they) had not been asked
| |
Future
| I shall have been asked
He (she) will have been asked
We shall have been asked
You (they) will have been asked
| Shall I have been asked?
Will he (she) have been asked?
Shall we have been asked?
Will you (they) have been asked?
| I shall not have been asked
He (she) will not have been asked
We shall not have been asked
You (they) will not have been asked
|
Таблица 8 Sequence of Tenses
| Tense
| He says that …
| He said that …
| Translation
| | I
N
D
E
F
I
N
I
T
E
|
He does this work every day.
He did this work yesterday.
He will do this work tomorrow.
|
He did this work every day.
He had donethis work the day before.
He would do this work next day.
|
Он делает эту работу каждый день.
Он делал эту работу вчера (накануне).
Он сделает эту работу завтра (на следующий день).
| | C O N T I N U O U S
| He is doing this work now.
He was doing this work from 5 till 7 yesterday.
He will be doing this work from 5 till 7 tomorrow.
| He was doing this work then.
He had been doing this work from 5 till 7 the day before.
He would be doing this work from 5 till 8 the next day.
| Он делает эту работу сейчас.
Он делал эту работу с 5 до 7 вечера.
Он будет делать эту работу завтра с 5 до 8 завтра.
| | P E R F E C T
| He has done this work today.
He had done this work by 5 o’ clock.
He will have donethis work by tomorrow.
| He had done this work that day.
He had done this work by 5 o’clock.
He would have done this work by the next day.
| Он сделал эту работу сегодня.
Он сделал работу к 5 часам.
Он сделает эту работу к завтрашнему дню.
|
Таблица 9 Conditional Sentences
| Type
| Example
| Translation
| | I – реальное условие
| I shall come if I am free.
| Я приду, если буду свободен.
| | II – маловероятное условие
| I should come today (tomorrow) if I were free.
| Я бы пришел сегодня (завтра), если бы был свободен.
| | III – нереальное условие
| I should have come yesterday if I had been free.
| Я бы пришел вчера, если бы был свободен.
|
Таблица 10 Modal Verbs
| Глагол
| Перевод
| Эквивалент
| Настоящее
время
| Прошедшее
время
| Будущее
время
| |
can
|
мочь, уметь
|
to be able to
| can
am
is able to
are
| could,
was
able to
were
| shall (will)
be able to
| |
may
|
можно,
разрешается,
возможно
|
to be allowed to
|
may
am
is allowed to
are
|
might,
was (were) allowed to
|
shall (will)
be allowed to
| |
must
|
должен,
должно быть
|
to have to
|
must,
have to (has to)
|
had to
|
shall (will)
have to
| | need
| нужно, надо
| Shall I read this book? – No, you needn’t.
|
Таблица 11 The Verbs of Obligation
|
должен
обязан
must нужно
надо
необходимо
|
обязанность, приказание,
приказ;
настоятельный совет или приглашение (обязательно);
внутренняя осознанная необходимость
| I must go to work at 9 o’clock.
You must read this book.
I must do it today.
| | have toдолжен
приходится
| Необходимость, вызванная внешними обстоятельствами
| You have to work hard if you wish to pass exams well.
| | be to должен
| долженствование согласно
плану, графику, договору
| The train is to arrive at 5 o’clock.
| | shouldследует
следовало бы
| совет, рекомендация
| You shouldn’t work hard.
| | ought toследует
| моральный долг, совет
| You ought to help them.
|
Таблица 12 Infinitive
Forms
 Voice
Tense[U1]
| Active
| Passive
| | Indefinite
| to ask
| to be asked
| | Continuous
| to be asking
| ----
| | Perfect
| to have asked
| to have been asked
| | Perfect Continuous
| to have been asking
| ----
|
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