Tenses in the passive voice

44 Translate the following sentences:

а) 1 The patient complains of a bad cough. 2 They went to our
district doctor's consulting room. 3 We shall be taking these patients'
temperature while you are filling in their case histories. 4 Our scien­tists have eliminated many infectious diseases. 5 The doctor had already examined his patients by 12 o'clock.

б) 1 Severe headaches are often followed by vomiting. 2 Some
operations were done on the open heart yesterday. 3 These patients
are being examined now. 4 I informed you as the case reports had
been written. 5 Will the patient be sent to the hospital? 6 Hospitals
and outpatient clinics are built with state funds in our country.
7 Dozens of medical and diseases prevention establishments have
been built this year. 8 Blood for transmission must be taken from
a healthy person.

 

45 Explain the difference between the given pairs of sentences:

1 The doctor has not prolonged the treatment because the patient feels well. The treatment was prolonged because the patient still feels bad. 2 The doctor has not yet discharged the patient from the clinic. The patient was not discharged from the clinic last week.

 

46 Give the subject and the predicate of the following sentences:

1 The patient was treated by him conservatively. 2 The temperature was taken regularly. 3 Both children were healed (or: were cured) of a dangerous disease. 4 Skin pre­paration is usually commenced in the evening before opera­tion. 5 The skin is first washed with ether soap and scrubbed with a brush. 6 The skin is thoroughly rinsed with sterile water. 7 In the first term medical students are taught basic theoretical subjects. 8 The chest is divided by the breastbone into two parts on each side of which there are seven ribs. 9 Two basic groups of muscles – static and dynamic – were established by Prof. Lesgaft. 10 Tissue therapy is used for the treatment of grave eye diseases. 11 When the patient's abdomen was X-rayed again, it showed some signs of pathology.

 

47 Translate the following, note the passive in different tense forms:

1 Severe cases of scarlet fever are often accompanied by vomiting and headache. 2 A patient whose case is diagnosed as tuberculosis is prescribed a special treatment. 3 Case reports will be read by the ward doctor. 4 Tissue therapy is often used to treat chronic ulcers. 5 After the patient is discharged he will be asked to come to the clinic for a check­up. 6 The analyses will be shown to the professor tomorrow. 7 The drug which we use for intravenous injections must be always freshly prepared. 8 The paralysis was caused by the injury of the nerve trunk. 9 Happily the bones of the pelvis, the vertebral column and internal organs were not injured. 10 When he was admitted to the hospital his heart beats were hardly heard, his blood pressure could not be obtained. 11 All measures were taken. immediately to re­lieve his condition. 12 In such cases the headache is not relieved by analgin. 13 The patient's heart disease was influenced by rheumatism. 14 Occasionally severe cases of pneumonia may be followed by tuberculosis, therefore the suspected cases must be carefully watched. 15 Some distilled water is being added to the solution. 16 When the food is being ground up by the teeth the salivary glands become active. 17 The operation will have been finished by the time the second professor comes back.

 

48 Make these sentences interrogative:

1 I am sent to a sanatorium. 2 The patient will be given some heart drug. 3 The child will be given food rich in vitamins. 4 He will be paid the greatest attention. 5 I am often asked about his health. 6 The patient was given a bath and was asked to put on a hospital gown. 7 He is advised to come to the polyclinic for the treatment with warm baths. 8 The patient was first seen in the out-patient department in May. 9 He will be shown all the case reports. 10 We were told about your disease yesterday. 11 The patient will be asked about his complaints. 12 We were informed that he had been sent to a sanatorium. 13 She was promised immediate help. 14 He is offered some interesting work. 15 The doctor was invited to see a sick girl. 16 Patients with this disease are not advised to eat animal food. 17 You are treated with a new drug. 18 There are several characteristics of X-rays that make them useful to physicians in the diagnosis of disease. 19 The X-ray record of the renal pelvis and urinary tract after injecting contrast medium (dye) into a vein is called intravenous pyelogram (IVP). 20 Ultrasonography is used by neurosurgeons and ophthalmologists to detect intracranial and ophthalmic lesions.

 

49 Translate these sentences, pay attention to the passive followed by prepositions:

1 The patient will be well looked after. 2 The wounded were taken care of. 3 The works of Pavlov are often referred to. 4 A conclusion was arrived at after a heated discussion. 5 His data can be relied upon. 6 This case was much spoken and written about. 7 These terms were insisted upon. 8 The young children are being taken care of by their elder sister. 9 This method will be soon done away with. 10 This story was much laughed at.

 

50 Translate the following sentences, notice the present perfect active and passive:

1 Since the day of discharge from the hospital patient Orlov has never complained of any pain in his heart. 2 Of late more and more means have been developed for reducing the synthesis of cholesterol in the organism. 3 Ukrainian medicine has made great progress in treating many diseases. 4 Several products containing plant oils with unsaturated fatty acids have recently been made available. 5 Corn oil has been shown to lower cholesterol levels and is now used by some individuals. 6 The doctor has prescribed him some tranquillizing preparations. 7 Therapeutists have proved that spasms are largely due to disturbances in the central nervous system.

 

51 Pick out the sentences with the predicate in the continuous passive:

1 No changes are being observed in the patient’s condition now. 2 The blood was dropping from the wound for a few minutes. 3 The functions of the left lower extremity were being restored rapidly during the treatment of the patient at the clinic. 4 The total number of platelets in the blood of the patient is being counted by the laboratory worker now. 5 The exact amount of salt was being determined during the experiment which we were carrying on yesterday at 10 o’clock. 6 We can clearly observe that a favorable effect is being produced on the patient’s condition by the administration of these drugs.

 

52 Pick out the verb in each sentence and say whether it is the active or passive voice:

1 The patient had been treated for pneumonia before entering the surgical department. 2 The lecture has just been finished and the pro­fessor has gone out from the lecture hall. 3 Have you already been opera­ted upon for appendicitis? 4 The fractured bones of the extremities had been set and put in plaster of Paris. 5 In the dressing room the sur­geon took out the stitches which had been put after the operation. 6 Great success has been achieved by investigators in treating cancer. 7 The surgeon replaced the affected vessels with a plastic trans­plant. 8 The doctor was examining this patient when we came into the ward. 9 This problem is being investigated at dozens of clinics, medi­cal faculties, sanatoria, hospitals and dispensaries under the general guidance of the Institute of Pulmonology. 10 This professor had deli­vered a lecture by 5 o'clock yesterday. 11 Modern medicine has already created quite a number of artificial organs. 12 The scientific institutes have been opened in some cities of Ukraine. 13 A group of physicians headed by professor Chumak is doing very important and interesting work. 14 These scientists have created a few experimental models of an artificial heart. 15 After the patient had suffered profuse external bleeding he developed severe anaemia. 16 While the surgeon was performing the operation he revealed the ulcer on the anterior side of the stomach. 17 The dullness which was revealed on percussion was associated with the pathologic changes in the left lung.

 

53 Make these sentences affirmative:

1 Will the curriculum of different terms be varied in future? 2 Is the vital capacity of the lungs in an infant changed with age? 3 New experimental findings were not established by the young scientist.

 

54 Define the tense forms and voice of verbs in the following sentences:

1 As soon as this doctor had finished his morning round he began to fill in some cards. 2 The mechanism of this influence hasnot been fully discovered. 3 Such operations are done even on such big vessels as the aorta. 4 Cardiovascular diseases are being discussed by the scientists of all the world. 5 These cardiologists in recent years have shown definite results in the battle for a healthy heart. 6 These drugs are also used in aerosol form. 7 The scientists who suggested this method believe that it will soon be widely used in our country. 8 Today the heart is operated on not only in cases of congenital heart failures, but defective cardiac valves are replaced completely and operations are made on the heart in case of coronary diseases; when the vessels feeding the heart are affected. 9 Vascular surgery and, in particular, surgery of coronary vessels has made great progress. 10 Now more than 150 variations of congenital cardiac failures have been described by many scientists. 11 The achievements of electronics, physics, chemistry, mathematics and cybernetics have greatly helped the surgeons in their work. 12 Now, more than 150 variations of congenital cardiac failures are studied by many scientists. 13 These scientists have taken the lead in the solution of this problem. 14 They are studying many questions of organ and tissue grafting. 15 Research is being done on the grafting of vessels, skin, bones, etc. 16 Neurosurgery, one of the youngest branches of medicine, has greatly advanced in the scientific investigations. 17 Over 25000 major operations have been performed at this institute. 18 Neurosur­gical operations are performed with practically no loss of blood.

 

55 Put in the necessary words. Write questions to which these sentences are answers:

1 The aorta … from the upper part of the left ventricle. 2 The shape of the vessels … when they dilate. 3 The right lung is … than the left one. 4 The lungs are … with the pleura. (varies, covered, extends, heavier)

 

56 Pick out and translate those sentences in which the verb tense of the English subordinate clause does not correspond to that of the Ukrainian translation:

1 The blood supply of the diseased lung will be restored as soon as the consolidation in it disappears. 2 The coagulation of the blood will be associated with the properties of the medicine which the patient will be administered. 3 The specific features of phagocytes will be destroyed if the environment becomes unfavorable.

 

57 Put the verbs given in brackets in the appropriate tense:

1 While the properties of filterable viruses (досліджувалися) the scientist (проводив) numerous experiments. 2 When the physician (наближався) the patient’s bedside loud coughing (почувся) in the ward. 3 Now the professor (читає) a lecture in which the properties of anaerobic microorganisms (аналізуються). 4 The brain (розміщуватися) in the cranial cavity. 5 The left and the right heart chambers (розділятися) by the septum. 6 Many books on medicine (видаватися) last year. 7 The left lung (ділитися) into two lobes.

 

58 Make up sentences with the predicate in the passive. Translate them:

1 are, with, the oral cavity, connected, the salivary glands; 2 the oral cavity, are, the soft and hard palates, located in; 3 of, main, are, the arteries, composed, three, coats.

 

59 Use the verbs in brackets in the appropriate tense and voice:

1 This patient (to operate on) yesterday. 2 Products of protein, fat, and carbohydrate digestion (to be absorbed) from the gastrointestinal tract by the liver in which they (to undergo) further chemical processes. 3 The liver (to destroy) toxic substances which usually (to be formed) in the intestinal tract as well as some poisons which (to enter) the body from without. 4 Jaundice (to be known) to be the disease which (to be due to) the presence of a large amount of bilirubin in the blood and tissues.

 

60 Put questions to the italicized words and phrases:

1 The head consists of the cranial and facial parts. 2 The part of the body between the ribs and the hip is the waist. 3 Each hand has four fingers. 4 The abdominal cavity includes the small and large intestines. 5 The bone is covered with periosteum. 6 The heart is situated inside the thoracic cavity. 7 Striated fibres are striped transversely. 8 Voluntary muscles are capable of complicated movement. 9 Involuntary muscles are controlled unconsciously. 10 The fibres of cardiac muscle contract rhythmically.

 

61 Transform into the passive making all the necessary changes:

1 The surgeon has set a fractured extremity. 2 The surgeon had lifted the stomach and explored the -abdominal cavity. 3 The doctor had introduced antibiotics into the wound. 4 The nurse has prepared everything necessary for the operation. 5 This doctor has saved thousands of lives during his thirty years of work at the hospital. 6 The surgeon takes out the gauze drain soaked with pus. 7 Some bacteria cause diseases in plants and animals. 8 The doctor discharges the patient from the hospital. 9 The nurse takes the patient's tempera­ture. 10 The students of our group carry out many interesting experiments. 11 On Friday Prof. Smith delivered a lecture on the structure of the muscles. 12 During the operation the surgeon introduced an artificial metal joint. 13 Many scientists studied the tissues, blood vessels and nerves of the muscles.

 

62 Give an adequate translation of the following:

1 We know that many infectious diseases are caused by viruses. 2 It has been established that tissue therapy should be accompanied by other methods of treatment accepted for the given disease. 3 It has been observed that all the patients to whom tissue had been grafted display improved spirits and appetite. 4 The doctor wants to know what the patient takes when he can not sleep. 5 The patient was eager to know when he would be discharged from the hospital. 6 There are some cases when it is desirable to fumigate a room or a house. 7 Formalin is one of the most effective fumigants, when properly used. 8 Fumigation is rarely used today because it is not always effective. 9 We know that most disease.germs die quickly when they leave the body, and so we do not consider fumigation so import­ant. 10 A culture medium is a prepared substance on which microorga­nisms will grow.

 

63 Write questions to which these sentences are answers:

1 After this man had been taken to the hospital, he was examined by some specialists. 2 While the patient was examined, he complained of pain in his stomach. 3 He wants to be taken to the hospital where professor K. works. 4 After a great number of scientific research institutes had been established, the scientists have possibility to carry out different researches. 5 D. Samoilovych, born in Ukraine, more than other was known in Europe where his works on the fight against the plague were republished repeatedly. 6 The patient had been operated on in due time and that is why he recovered quickly. 7 The results of this experiment provided fresh proof that an organism is a complex system.

 

64 Pick out the verb in each sentence and say whether it is the active or passive voice:

1 The doctor has observed no considerable changes in the lungs. 2 No difference exists between the substance of the bones of the lower and upper extremities. 3 The surgeon came to no exact conclusion after he had examined the patient. 4 If chemotherapy had not been discontinued last week liver damage would have become too severe. 5 Profuse external bleeding had to be controlled in time lest the patient would die. 6 The physician insisted that the patient should follow a strict diet. 7 This idea is likely to be supported by everybody. 8 It is important that all surgical instruments will be sterilized adequately.

 

65 Translate the following sentences and define the voice of the verbs:

1 While disinfection of the hands was neglected, universal interest was directed to combating airborne germs. 2 Treatment was instituted with penicillin and cephalothin. 3 The automatic nerves are composed of two types of fibers: the preganglionic and the postganglionic. 4 Random cultures of hands, fingers and finger tips were obtained from opera­ting room personnel. 5 The efforts of the physicians had been directed to the struggle against obvious wound infection and its causal agents. 6 When the patient was wheeled on the buggy from the operating room to his ward two students stayed with him. 7 When the edges of the operating wound were washed the surgeon administered the solution of antibiotics into the wound and introduced a fresh gauze drain. 8 After the students visited the traumatological department they went to the other department where the patients who had undergone abdominal operations were lying. 9 As soon as his condition became better the doc­tor advised him to start his morning exercises.

 

66 Translate the sentences. Give the singular and plural of italicized words:

1 The cause is undoubtedly a microbe which is present normally in the abdomen and which becomes virulent in certain circumstances, or a blood-borne organism which has emigrated from another focus. 2 The “ Bacillus Coli” is often found, but streptococci of various kinds and even the "Typhoid Bacillus” may occur. 3 In both cases cell-division was preceded by a division of the nuclei. 4 Protoplasm has repeatedly been subjected to chemical analysis. 5 It happens, for instance, in case of detachment of the retina at the back of the eye near the ophthalmic optic nerve. 6 When treating the detachment of the retina with the help of a laser, use is made of the so-called phenomenon of coagulation.

 

67 Translate the sentences paying attention to the words in bold type.

1 The number of the vertebrae which form coccyx may be from one to five. 2 In the human body the skeletal muscles number 600. 3 A number of interesting findings were found experimentally. 4 The muscles of the human body are different in their form 5 A number of muscular fibers form a band. 6 Will you bring me your notes of the lectures in Physiology? 7 The venous blood is brought to the right atrium of the heart. 8 The chemical formula of carbon dioxide is CO₂.9 The venous blood has much carbon dioxide. 10 The chemical formula of oxygen is O₂ 11 Oxygen is necessary for life. 12 To oxygenate means to receive much oxygen. 13 The venous blood is oxygenated in the lungs. 14 The normal atmospheric pressure is 760 mm. g.

 

 

68 Provide the words given in brackets with the appropriate negative prefix:

Example: Since many human (orders) are due to defective genes, genetics is concerned with the study of hereditary defects.

Since many human disorders are due to defective genes, genetics is concerned with the study of hereditary defects.

1 Some hereditary defects are (…compatible) with life. 2 When inheritance is sex-linked, as in hemophilia and muscular (…trophy), half the boys born to women carrying gene is affected. 3 In dominant (…orders), which make up a tiny fraction of hereditary (…orders), only one parent need have an (…normal) gene for there to be a 50 per cent chance that a child will be afflicted. 4 Penicillin is an example of an (…biotic). 5 An (…gen) is a substance usually foreign to the body. 6 The flu virus (…gen) enters the body, causing the production of (…bodies) in the bloodstream. 7 An anomaly is a structure or organ with an (…regular) formation.

 

69 Supply a suitable adverbial particle to express complete action, use a dictionary if necessary:

Example: I’m afraid this brand of sleeping pills is sold…

I’m afraid this brand of sleeping pills is sold out

1 You ought to pump … some more distilled water to bring its level … to the one litre mark. 2 The whole batch of thyme must be dried … first before we can send it … for further treatment at the pharmaceutical works. 3 Will you please wrap … this collection of drugs and have it carried … to the works dispensary? 4 Some pharmacologists think that a new classification of medicinal herbs ought to be worked … 5 When you have made … the list of drugs that can be sold over the counter, will you file it … where it belongs? 6 These are all the data you wished me to find … for you. 7 I certainly won’t take … much of your precious time. 8 I’m going to the post office to hand … this registered letter. 9 Climb … to that top shelf but make sure you don’t fall... 10 Here is the medicine; drink it … all and you’ll soon fall … to sleep.

 

70 Translate the following, pay attention to neither…nor, either… or, both…and…, not only…but…:

1 The patient was in such a poor condition that he could neither sit nor move. 2 This patient with pneumonia will be administered either streptomycin or penicillin injections. 3 The growth was revealed neither in the lungs nor in the mediastinum. 4 Both his brother and sister are the students of our institute. 5 He is either a theraputist or a surgeon. 6 He has neither sisters nor brothers. 7 He had not only high temperature but also some other symptoms. 8 They have neither a sufficient material basis nor enough medical personnel. 9 They cultivate both the vegetables and fruit. 10 He is either at the office or at the laboratory. 11 They are neither here nor there.

 

71 Choose the appropriate translation:

1 Both methods are widely used in this clinic. This new method will soon be widely applied both in Ukraine and abroad. (як..., так і; обидва) 2 Either this surgeon or that one will perform this operation. Either of the prepositions is correct, but the former is more common than the latter. (будь-який; або... або) 3 Neither of the patients must remain there. These doctors like neither this method nor that one. (ніхто; ні... ні) 4 The artificial heart has been used both in our country and abroad. Both scientists paid much attention to this problem. (обидва; як..., так і) 5 He had not only high temperature but also other symptoms. He was the only surgeon in this hospital. (єдиний; не тільки..., але й)