Anybody ◈ pen II S. [pɛn] pron. one, somebody, anybody ◇ WJ/376 ◈ Usually enclitic and mutated as ben II 8 страница

hold ◈ * gar- N. [gˈɑr] inf. garo N. [gˈɑrɔ] v. to hold, have ◇ Ety/360 ◈ gerin N. [gˈɛrin] v. pres. 1st of gar-, I hold, I have ◇ Ety/360

holder ◈ taew N. [tˈɑɛw] n. holder, socket, hasp, clasp, staple ◇ Ety/390, VT/46:17

hole ◈ dath N. [dˈɑθ] n. hole, pit, steep fall, abyss ◇ Ety/354, VT/45:8 ◈ gas N. [gˈɑs] n. hole, gap ◇ Ety/357 ◈ tess N. [tˈɛss] (ters N.) n. (fine pierced) hole ◇ VT/46:18 ◈ torech N. [tˈɔrɛx] n. hole, excavation, lair ◇ WR/202, RC/490

hollow ◈ coll II S. [kˈɔll] adj. hollow ◇ WJ/414 ◈ † raudh *S. [rˈɑuð] (rhaudh N.) adj. hollow, cavernous ◇ Ety/384, X/RH ◈ * rosta- N. [rˈɔstɑ] inf. rosto N. [rˈɔstɔ] v. to hollow out, excavate ◇ Ety/384

holly ◈ ereg S., N. [ˈɛrɛg] pl. erig N. [ˈɛrig] n. Bot. holly-tree, thorn ◇ Ety/356, S/431 ◈ eregdos N. [ɛrˈɛgdɔs] n. Bot. holly, holly-tree ◇ Ety/356, Ety/379, Ety/395 ◈ toss N. [tˈɔss] n. Bot. bush, low-growing tree (as maple, hawthorn, blackthorn, holly, etc.) ◇ Ety/379, Ety/395

holy ◈ aer II S. [ˈɑɛr] adj. holy ◇ VT/44:21,24

home ◈ bar S. [bˈɑr] pl. bair S. [bˈɑjr] n. 1. dwelling, home ○ 2. by ext., inhabited land ◇ S/428, WR/379-80, SD/129-31

honey ◈ glî; N. [glˈiː] n. honey ◇ Ety/369 ◈ † medlin *S. [mˈɛdlin] (meglin N.) adj. honey-eater, bear-like ◇ Ety/369, X/DL

honeycomb ◈ nîdh N. [nˈiːð] n. honeycomb ◇ VT/45:38

hook ◈ gamp S., N. [gˈɑmp] n. hook, claw, crook ◇ Ety/357, VT/47:20

hop ◈ * laba- S. [lˈɑbɑ] v. to hop ← Labadal UT/60 ◈ This entry is interpolated from Sador's nickname, Labadal, which is rendered as "Hopafoot" in the text

hope ◈ amdir S. [ˈɑmdir] n. hope based on reason ◇ MR/320 ◈ estel S. [ˈɛstɛl̡] n. hope, trust, a temper of mind, steady fixed in purpose, and difficult to dissuade and unlikely to fall into despair or abandon its purpose ◇ WJ/318-319, LotR/A(v), MR/320 ◈ * hartha- S. [hˈɑrθɑ] v. to hope ← Harthad SD/62 ◈ harthad S. [hˈɑrθɑd] ger. of hartha-, hope ◇ SD/62

horde ◈ hoth S., N. [hˈɔθ] n. Pej. host, crowd, horde (nearly always in a bad sense) ◇ Ety/364, S/432

horn ◈ † rafn *S. [rˈɑvn] (rhafn N.) n. wing (horn), extended point at side, etc. ◇ Ety/382, X/RH ◈ ras S. [rˈɑs] (rhas N.) pl. rais S. [rˈɑjs] n. horn (especially on living animal, but also applied to mountains) ◇ Ety/383, VT/46:10, LotR/E, S/436, X/RH ◈ The form rhaes in the Etymologies is a misreading according to VT/46:10 ◈ † rasg *S. [rˈɑsg] (rhasg N.) n. horn (especially on living animal, but also applied to mountains) ◇ Ety/383, X/RH ◈ rom S. [rˈɔm] (rhom N.) n. horn, trumpet ◇ Ety/384, WJ/400, X/RH ◈ † romru *S. [rˈɔmru] (rhomru N.) n. sound of horns ◇ Ety/384, X/RH ◈ tarag N. [tˈɑrɑg] n. 1. horn ○ 2. by ext., steep mountain peak ◇ Ety/391, VT/46:17 ◈ till N. [tˈil̡l] (tild N.) n. horn, point ◇ Ety/393

horrible ◈ deleb N. [dˈɛlɛb] adj. horrible, abominable, loathsome ◇ Ety/355 ◈ gortheb (corr. gorthob) S. [gˈɔrθɛb] adj. horrible ◇ WJ/415

horror ◈ del N. [ˈdɛl̡] n. fear, disgust, loathing, horror ◇ Ety/355 ◈ girith S., N. [gˈiriθ] n. shuddering, horror ◇ Ety/358, S/431 ◈ gorgor S. [gˈɔrgɔr] n. extreme horror, terror, haunting fear ◇ WJ/415, RC/334-335 ◈ gorog S. [gˈɔrɔg] n. horror ◇ WJ/415 ◈ goroth N. [gˈɔrɔθ] n. horror ◇ Ety/377 ◈ gorth I S. [gˈɔrθ] n. horror ◇ WJ/415

horse ◈ lobor N. [lˈɔbr̩] n. Zool. horse ◇ VT/45:28 ◈ roch S., N. [rˈɔx] n. Zool. horse, swift horse for riding ◇ Ety/384, S/436, Letters/178, Letters/282, Letters/382

host ◈ gwaith S., N. [gwˈɑjθ] (gweith N.) n. 1. manhood ○ 2. by ext., man power, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment, people ○ 3. by ext., region, wilderness ◇ Ety/398, VT/46:21, X/E1 ◈ hoth S., N. [hˈɔθ] n. Pej. host, crowd, horde (nearly always in a bad sense) ◇ Ety/364, S/432 ◈ rim I S. [rˈim] (rhim N., rhimb N.) n. crowd, host, great number ◇ Ety/383, S/436, Letters/178, Letters/382, X/RH

hot ◈ born S. [bˈɔrn] adj. hot, red ◇ Letters/426-27 ◈ urui S. [ˈuruj] n. and adj. 1. hot ○ 2. Cal. as a noun, the month of august ◇ LotR/D

hound ◈ † rŷn *S. [rˈyːn] (rhŷn N.) n. Zool. "chaser", hound of chase ◇ Ety/384, X/RH

house ◈ adab N. [ˈɑdɑb] pl. † edaib *S. [ˈɛdɑjb] (edeb N.) n. building, house ◇ Ety/390, WR/379-80, X/EI ◈ car N. [kˈɑr] (cardh N.) n. house, building ◇ Ety/362 ◈ gobel N. [gˈɔbɛl̡] n. walled house or village, town ◇ Ety/380 ◈ nost S. [nˈɔst] n. kindred, family, house ◇PM/360 ◈ nothrim S. [nˈɔθrim] n. class pl. of nost, kindred, family, house ← Nothrim [> Nost] Finarfin PM/360 ◈ The word was rejected in favor of nost, but it may be interpreted as a valid class plural "those of the house" ◈ sennas S. [sˈɛnnɑs] n. abst. of send, guesthouse ◇RC/523

household ◈ herth N. [hˈɛrθ] n. Mil. household, troop under a "hîr" (master, lord) ◇ Ety/364

howl ◈ gaul N. [gˈɑul] n. wolf-howl ◇ Ety/377 ◈ gaw- N. [gˈɑw] v. to howl ◇ Ety/377, X/Z

howling ◈ gawad N. [gˈɑwɑd] ger. of gaw-, howling ◇ Ety/377

huge ◈ taur III N. [tˈɑur] adj. mighty, vast, overwhelming, huge, awful, high, sublime ◇ Ety/395

human ◈ echil S. [ˈɛxil̡] n. 1. follower ○ 2. Pop. by ext., human being ◇ WJ/219 ◈ firen N. [fˈirɛn] adj. human ◇ Ety/381

hummock ◈ gwastar N. [gwˈɑstɑr] n. hummock ◇ Ety/388, Ety/399

hump ◈ tump N. [tˈump] n. hump ◇ Ety/395

hunt ◈ * fara- N. [fˈɑrɑ] inf. faro N. [fˈɑrɔ] v. to hunt ◇ Ety/387 ◈ † rui *S. [rˈuj] (rhui N., rhuiw N.) n. hunt, hunting ◇ Ety/384, X/RH

hunter ◈ faradrim N. [fɑrˈɑdrim] n. class pl. of feredir, hunters ◇ Ety/387 ◈ * faron N. [fˈɑrɔn] n. m. hunter ← Elfaron Ety/387 ◈ faroth S. [fˈɑrɔθ] n. (?) hunter, (?) group of hunters ← Taur-en-Faroth S/431, Ety/387 ◈ feredir N. [fˈɛrɛdˌir] n. hunter ◇ Ety/387

hunting ◈ * farad N. [fˈɑrɑd] ger. of fara-, hunting ← faradrim Ety/387 ◈ faras N. [fˈɑrɑs] n. abst. of fara-, hunting ◇ Ety/387 ◈ † rui *S. [rˈuj] (rhui N., rhuiw N.) n. hunt, hunting ◇ Ety/384, X/RH

hurl ◈ * had- N. [hˈɑd] inf. hedi N. [hˈɛdi] pa. t. hant N. [hˈɑnt] v. to hurl ◇ Ety/363

husband ◈ hervenn N. [hˈɛrvɛn] (herven N.) n. m. husband ◇ Ety/352, Ety/364, X/ND4

I

I ◈ im I S. [ˈim] pron. 1st I ◇ LotR/II:IV, LB/354, VT/47:14,37-38 ◈ In late writings (see esp. VT/47:37-38), Tolkien reinterpreted this form as a reflexive pronoun (= "self").

ice ◈ heleg N. [hˈɛlɛg] n. ice ◇ Ety/364

icicle ◈ aeglos S. [ˈɑɛglɔs] n. 1. Bot. snowthorn, a plant like furze (gorse), but larger and with white flowers ○ 2. Geol. icicle (a pendent spear of ice formed by the freezing of dripping water) ◇ UT/417, LotR/Index

idea ◈ inc N. [ˈiŋk] n. guess, idea, notion ◇ Ety/361 ◈ naw N. [nˈɑw] pl. † noe *S. [nˈɔɛ] (nui N.) n. idea ◇ Ety/378, X/Z

ill ◈ † lhaew II *S. [ɬˈɑɛw] (thlaew N., thloew N., flaew N.) adj. sickly, sick, ill ◇ Ety/386, X/OE, X/LH

immortal ◈ alfirin S. [ˈɑlfirin] n. and adj. 1. immortal ○ 2. Bot. as a noun, name of a flower, bell-like and running through many soft and gentle colours ○ 3. Bot. as a noun, also used for another small white flower ◇ LotR/V:IX, Letters/402, UT/55, UT/303, UT/316, UT/417

impelled ◈ horn N. [hˈɔrn] adj. driven under compulsion, impelled ◇ Ety/364

impetuous ◈ alag N. [ˈɑlɑg] adj. rushing, impetuous ◇ Ety/348, VT/45:5 ◈ asgar N. [ˈɑsgɑr] (ascar N.) adj. violent, rushing, impetuous ◇ Ety/386 ◈ gorn I N. [gˈɔrn] adj. impetuous ◇ Ety/359

impetus ◈ gorf N. [gˈɔrv] n. impetus, vigour ◇ Ety/359

in ◈ mîn II S. [mˈiːn] (min- S.) prep. (in) between (referring to a gap, space, barrier or anything intervening between two other things) ← Minhiriath LotR/Map, VT/47:11,14 ◈ ned S. [nɛd] prep. (uncertain meaning) in, of (about time, e.g. giving a date) ◇ SD/129-31 ◈[Another possible interpretation: "another, one more" (related to Q. net(e)), VT/47:40] ◈ nedh- N. [nɛð] pref. in, inside, mid- ◇ Ety/376 ◈ See also the preposition ned, and the noun ened for a discussion of this form ◈ vi S. [vi] prep. in ◇ VT/44:21,27

incline ◈ talad N. [tˈɑlɑd] n. an incline, slope ◇ Ety/390

inclined ◈ dadbenn N. [dˈɑdbɛnn] (dadben N.) adv. 1. downhill, inclined ○ 2. by ext., inclined, prone (to do something) ◇ Ety/354, Ety/380, VT/46:8, X/ND4

index ◈ emig S. [ˈɛmig] n. f. dim. of emel, 1. "litte mother" ○ 2. Biol. index finger (Elvish play-name used by and taught to children) ◇ VT/48:6,17 ◈ lebdas S. [lˈɛbdɑs] (tas S.) n. Biol. index finger ◇ VT/48:5 ◈ nobad S. [nˈɔbɑd] n. dual pl. of nawb, Biol. the pair of fingers composed of the thumb and the index (grouped together as in the act of picking something) ◇ VT/48:5,16

Inflorescence ◈ goloth S. [gˈɔlɔθ] n. Bot. inflorescence, a head of small flowers ◇ VT/42:18 ◈ loth S. [lˈɔθ] (lhoth N.) n. Bot. flower, inflorescence, a head of small flowers ◇ Ety/370, LB/354, VT/42:18, X/LH ◈ The noun is collective, a single flower being lotheg

innumerable ◈ arnediad N. [ɑrnˈɛdi.ɑd] (arnœdiad S., N.) adj. innumerable, countless, endless, without reckoning, numberless ◇ Ety/349, Ety/378, S/428, VT/46:6 ◈ aronoded N. [ɑrˈɔnɔdɛd] adj. innumerable, countless, endless ◇ Ety/378

insecure ◈ talt N. [tˈɑlt] adj. slipping, falling, insecure ◇ Ety/390

insert ◈ * nestag- N. [nˈɛstɑg] inf. nestegi N. [nˈɛstɛgi] pa. t. nestanc N. [nˈɛstɑŋk] v. to insert, stick in ◇ Ety/388

inside ◈ nedh- N. [nɛð] pref. in, inside, mid- ◇ Ety/376 ◈ See also the preposition ned, and the noun ened for a discussion of this form

instead ◈ sennui S. [sˈɛnnuj] adv. (?) rather, (?) instead (used as an adverb?) ◇ SD/129-31

insult ◈ eitha- S. [ˈɛjθɑ] v. 1. to prick with a sharp point, to stab ○ 2. by ext., to treat with scorn, insult ◇ WJ/365 ◈ eithad S. [ˈɛjθɑd] ger. of eitha-, insult ◇ WJ/365

intelligence ◈ hannas N. [hˈɑnnɑs] n. abst. of hand, understanding, intelligence ◇ Ety/363 ◈ heniad N. [hˈɛni.ɑd] ger. of henia-, understanding, intelligence ◇ VT/45:21

intelligent ◈ hand N. [hˈɑnd] (hann N.) adj. intelligent ◇ Ety/363, X/ND1

intend ◈ thel- S. [θˈɛl̡] v. to intend, mean, purpose, resolve, will ◇ WJ/318-319

iron ◈ ang S., N. [ˈɑŋ] n. iron ◇ Ety/348, S/428, PM/347 ◈ angren S., N. [ˈɑŋgrɛn] pl. engrin S., N. [ˈɛŋgrin] adj. of iron ◇ Ety/348, S/428

island ◈ tol S. [tˈɔl] (toll N.) pl. tyll N. [tˈyll] n. Geog. island, (steep) isle rising with sheer sides from the sea or from a river ◇ Ety/394, S/438, VT/47:13, RC/333-334

isle ◈ tol S. [tˈɔl] (toll N.) pl. tyll N. [tˈyll] n. Geog. island, (steep) isle rising with sheer sides from the sea or from a river ◇ Ety/394, S/438, VT/47:13, RC/333-334

isolated ◈ ereb S., N. [ˈɛrɛb] pl. erib S. [ˈɛrib] adj. isolated, lonely ◇ Ety/356, S/431, UT/422, VT/42:10

it ◈ ha N. [hɑ] (hana N.) pl. hain S. [hɑjn] (hein N.) pron. 3rd it ◇ Ety/385, LotR/II:IV, X/EI ◈ * ten S. [dɛn] pron. (?) it (as object) ← caro den VT/44:21,25-6

J

january ◈ narwain S. [nˈɑrwɑjn] n. Cal. the month of January ◇ LotR/D

jaw ◈ anc N. [ˈɑŋk] n. Biol. jaw, row of teeth ◇ Ety/348, Ety/374 ◈ carach S. [kˈɑrɑx] n. Biol. jaw, row of teeth ◇ S/429, RC/607 ◈ naew N. [nˈɑɛw] n. Biol. jaw ◇ Ety/374

jerk ◈ † rinc *S. [rˈiŋk] (rhinc N.) n. twitch, jerk, trick, sudden move ◇ Ety/383, X/RH ◈ † ritha- *S. [rˈiθɑ] (* rhitha- N.) inf. † ritho *S. [rˈiθɔ] (rhitho N.) v. to jerk, twitch, snatch ◇ Ety/383, X/RH

jewel ◈ mîr S., N. [mˈiːr] n. jewel, precious thing, treasure ◇ Ety/373, LotR/E, S/434, PM/348, LB/354, RGEO/73 ◈ * mírdan S. [mˈiːrdɑn] pl. mírdain S. [mˈiːrdɑjn] n. jewel-smith ◇ S/401 ◈ mirion N. [mˈiri.ɔn] pl. miruin N. [mˈirujn] n. augm. of mîr, Theo. great jewel, Silmaril ◇ Ety/373

journey ◈ * lend I S. [lˈɛnd] (lenn- S.) n. journey ← lenn-mbas PM/404, X/ND1

joy ◈ gell N. [gˈɛl̡l] n. joy, triumph ◇ Ety/359 ◈ glass N. [glˈɑss] (glas N.) n. joy ◇ Ety/357

Joyous ◈ meren N. [mˈɛrɛn] adj. festive, gay, joyous ◇ Ety/372 ◈ The word was changed to beren in the Etymologies, but meren would be restored together with mereth

jubilation ◈ gellam N. [gˈɛl̡lɑm] n. jubilation ◇ Ety/359

judge ◈ badhor N. [bˈɑðr̩] n. judge ◇ Ety/350 ◈ badhron N. [bˈɑðrɔn] n. judge ◇ Ety/350

judgement ◈ baudh N. [bˈɑuð] n. judgement ◇ Ety/350

juice ◈ † paich *S. [pˈɑjx] (peich N.) n. juice, syrup ◇ Ety/382, X/EI ◈ saw N. [sˈɑw] pl. † soe *S. [sˈɔɛ] (sui N.) n. juice ◇ Ety/385, X/Z

juicy ◈ † pihen *S. [pˈihɛn] (pichen N.) adj. juicy ◇ Ety/382, X/Z

july ◈ cerveth S. [kˈɛrvɛθ] n. Cal. july (month) ◇ LotR/D

june ◈ nórui S. [nˈɔːruj] n. and adj. 1. sunny, fiery ○ 2. Cal. as a noun, the month of june ◇ LotR/D

just ◈ fael I S. [fˈɑɛl] adj. fair minded, just, generous ◇ PM/352

K

keen ◈ † laeg I *S. [lˈɑɛg] (lhaeg N., lhoeg N.) adj. keen, sharp, acute ◇ Ety/367, VT/45:25, X/OE, X/LH

keep ◈ * heb- S. [hˈɛb] v. to retain, keep, do not give away or release, keep hold of ← *khep VT/41:6 ◈ * hebin S. [hˈɛbin] v. pres. 1st of heb-, I keep, I have kept ← ú-chebin LotR/A(v), VT/41:6 ◈ Because of the mutation triggered by the first person pronominal ending, it is impossible to guess whether the stem of this should be heb-, *hab- or *hob-. The root KHEP listed in VT/41:6 apparently implies that heb- is the correct form

kind ◈ milui N. [mˈiluj] adj. friendly, loving, kind ◇ Ety/372

kindle ◈ * nartha- N. [nˈɑrθɑ] inf. nartho N. [nˈɑrθɔ] v. to kindle ◇ VT/45:37

kindler ◈ * toniel S. [tˈɔni.ɛl̡] n. f. kindler ← Gilthoniel LotR/II:I, LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72-74

kindred ◈ noss S., N. [nˈɔss] (nos N.) n. kindred, family, clan ◇ Ety/378, PM/320 ◈ nost S. [nˈɔst] n. kindred, family, house ◇ PM/360 ◈ nothrim S. [nˈɔθrim] n. class pl. of nost, kindred, family, house ← Nothrim [> Nost] Finarfin PM/360 ◈ The word was rejected in favor of nost, but it may be interpreted as a valid class plural "those of the house"

king ◈ âr N. [ˈɑːr] n. king (used of a lord or king of a specified region) ◇ Ety/389 ◈ aran S., N. [ˈɑrɑn] pl. erain S., N. [ˈɛrɑjn] n. king (used of a lord or king of a specified region) ◇ Ety/360, S/428, LotR/II:IV, LotR/VI:VII, SD/129-31, Letters/426 ◈ taur I N. [tˈɑur] n. king (only used of the legitimate kings of whole tribes) ◇ Ety/389, Ety/395 ◈ In LotR/IV:IV, Frodo is called Daur, which might be the mutated form of this word

kingdom ◈ aranarth S. [ˈɑrɑnɑrθ] n. kingdom, "king-holding" ◇ VT/44:22,25 ◈ In Tolkien's manuscript, this form was rejected in favor of arnad ◈ arnad S. [ˈɑrnɑd] n. kingdom ◇ VT:44:21,25

kingfisher ◈ heledir N. [hˈɛlɛdˌir] (heledirn N.) n. Orn. kingfisher (bird) ◇ Ety/363, Ety/386, Ety/394

kingsfoil ◈ athelas S. [ˈɑθɛlɑs] n. Bot. "kingsfoil", a healing herb brought to Middle-earth by the Númenóreans ◇ LotR/V:VIII

kinsman ◈ gwanur N. [gwˈɑnur] n. 1. a pair of twins ○ 2. brother or kinsman, kinswoman ◇ Ety/378, Ety/392, VT/46:6, LotR/A(iv)

kinswoman ◈ gwanur N. [gwˈɑnur] n. 1. a pair of twins ○ 2. brother or kinsman, kinswoman ◇ Ety/378, Ety/392, VT/46:6, LotR/A(iv)

knife ◈ sigil I N. [sˈigil̡] n. Mil. dagger, knife ◇ Ety/385

knob ◈ dolt II N. [dˈɔlt] pl. dylt N. [dˈylt] n. round knob, boss ◇ Ety/376

knock ◈ * tamma- N. [tˈɑmmɑ] inf. tammo N. [tˈɑmmɔ] v. to knock ◇ Ety/390, VT/46:17

knot ◈ nardh N. [nˈɑrð] n. knot ◇ Ety/387

knotted ◈ norn N. [nˈɔrn] pl. nyrn S. [nˈyrn] adj. 1. twisted, knotted, crabbed, contorted ○ 2. hard ◇ Ety/387