Anybody ◈ pen II S. [pɛn] pron. one, somebody, anybody ◇ WJ/376 ◈ Usually enclitic and mutated as ben II 3 страница

clamor ◈ caun II S. [kˈɑun] n. outcry, clamor ◇ PM/361-362

clan ◈ noss S., N. [nˈɔss] (nos N.) n. kindred, family, clan ◇ Ety/378, PM/320

clasp ◈ taew N. [tˈɑɛw] n. holder, socket, hasp, clasp, staple ◇ Ety/390, VT/46:17

claw ◈ gamp S., N. [gˈɑmp] n. hook, claw, crook ◇ Ety/357, VT/47:20

clean ◈ puig N. [pˈujg] adj. clean, tidy, neat ◇ Ety/382

clear ◈ lim II S. [lˈim] adj. clear, sparkling, light ◇ WJ/337

cleared ◈ † laden *S. [lˈɑdɛn] (lhaden N.) pl. † ledin *S. [lˈɛdin] (lhedin N.) adj. open, cleared ◇ Ety/368, X/LH

clearing ◈ † lant I *S. [lˈɑnt] (lhant N.) n. clearing in forest ◇ Ety/368, X/LH

cleaver ◈ crist N. [krˈist] n. Mil. cleaver, sword ◇ Ety/365 ◈ hâdh N. [hˈɑːð] n. Arch., Poet. (?) cleaver ◇ Ety/389

cleft ◈ cîl I N. [kˈiːl] n. Geog. cleft, pass between hills, gorge ◇ Ety/365 ◈ cirith S. [kˈiriθ] n. cleft, high climbing pass, narrow passage cut through earth or rock, ravine, defile ◇ S/387, UT/426, TC/181, RC/334-335 ◈ criss N. [krˈiss] n. cleft, cut, slash ◇ Ety/365, VT/45:23◈ * falch S. [fˈɑlx] n. Geog. deep cleft, ravine ← Orfalch Echor UT/468 ◈ iau II N. [jˈɑu] n. Geog. ravine, cleft, gulf ◇ Ety/400, VT/46:22 ◈ thanc S., N. [θˈɑŋk] adj. cleft, split, forked ← Orthanc S/415, Ety/388

clever ◈ maen N. [mˈɑɛn] adj. skilled, clever ◇ Ety/371

cloak ◈ * coll III S. [kˈɔll] n. cloak, mantle ← Thingol S/421, MR/385

closed ◈ hollen S. [hˈɔllɛn] pp. closed ← Fen Hollen LotR/V:IV, RC/550 ◈ * tafnen S. [tˈɑvnɛn] adj. closed, blocked, stopped ← uidavnen WR/341 ◈ Orthography normalized to tafnen, as in lefnui ◈ * uidafnen S. [ujdˈɑvnɛn] (uidavnen N.) adj. ever-closed ◇ WR/341, X/Z ◈Normalized to uidafnen, as in lefnui

clothe ◈ hab- N. [hˈɑb] v. to clothe ◇ Ety/363 ◈ hamma- N. [hˈɑmmɑ] v. to clothe ◇ Ety/363, VT/45:21 ◈ The form hamnia- in the Etymologies is a misreading according to VT/45:21

clothing ◈ hammad N. [hˈɑmmɑd] ger. of hamma-, clothing ◇ Ety/363

cloud ◈ fain S. [fˈɑjn] (fein N.) n. and adj. 1. white ○ 2. as a noun, cloud ◇ Ety/387, WR/288, RC/268, VT/46:15, X/EI ◈ fân S. [fˈɑːn] n. 1. veil ○ 2. by ext., cloud (applied to clouds, floating as veils over the blue sky or the sun or moon, or resting on hills) ◇ RGEO/74 ◈ faun N. [fˈɑun] n. cloud ◇ Ety/387, VT/46:15

cloudy ◈ fanui S. [fˈɑnuj] adj. cloudy ◇ RGEO/74, RC/268

club ◈ grond N. [grˈɔnd] n. Mil. club ◇ Ety/384, X/ND1

coat ◈ heleth N. [hˈɛlɛθ] n. fur, fur-coat ◇ Ety/386

cobweb ◈ † lhing *S. [ɬˈiŋ] (thling N.) n. spider, spider's web, cobweb ◇ Ety/386, X/LH

coin ◈ canath II S. [kˈɑnɑθ] n. "quarter", silver coin used in Gondor, the fourth part of a "mirian" → mirian ◇ PM/45 ◈ mirian S. [mˈiri.ɑn] n. piece of money, coin used in Gondor → canath II ◇ PM/45

cold ◈ helch N. [hˈɛl̡x] n. bitter cold ◇ Ety/364 ◈ ring S. [rˈiŋ] (rhing N.) adj. cold ◇ Ety/383, S/436, VT/42:13, X/RH

come ◈ * tol- N. [tˈɔl] inf. teli N. [tˈɛli] v. to come ◇ Ety/395 ◈ tolo S. [tˈɔlɔ] v. imp. of tol-, come! ◇ VT/44:21,25

commanding ◈ * conui S. [kˈɔnuj] adj. commanding, (?) ruling ← Argonui LotR/A(ii)

compact ◈ gowest N. [gˈɔwɛst] n. contract, compact, treaty ◇ Ety/397, Ety/399 ◈ gwaedh N. [gwˈɑɛð] n. bond, troth, compact, oath ◇ Ety/397

compulsion ◈ thang S., N. [θˈɑŋ] n. compulsion, duress, need, oppression ◇ Ety/388, S/438

conceal ◈ delia- N. [dˈɛli.ɑ] inf. delio N. [dˈɛli.ɔ] (dœlio N.) v. to conceal ◇ Ety/355 ◈ doltha- N. [dˈɔlθɑ] pa. t. Arch. daul N. [dˈɑul] v. to conceal ◇ Ety/355

concealed ◈ dolen N. [dˈɔlɛn] pp. of doltha-, concealed, hidden ◇ Ety/355

conceive ◈ nautha- N. [nˈɑuθɑ] v. to conceive ◇ Ety/378

concerning ◈ o II N. [ɔ] prep. about, concerning ◇ Ety/378 ◈ The Etymologies state that h- is prefixed to the word following this preposition, when it begins with a vowel: o Hedhil "concerning the Elves". Some scholars consider that this rule is not valid in Sindarin, but that the preposition would perhaps become oh in such a case (hence oh Edhil, to be compared with ah in Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth)

confirm ◈ * tangada- N. [tˈɑŋgɑdɑ] inf. tangado N. [tˈɑŋgɑdɔ] v. to make firm, confirm, establish ◇ Ety/389

conquer ◈ * orthor- N. [ˈɔrθɔr] inf. ortheri N. [ˈɔrθɛri] v. to master, conquer ◇ Ety/395

contorted ◈ norn N. [nˈɔrn] pl. nyrn S. [nˈyrn] adj. 1. twisted, knotted, crabbed, contorted ○ 2. hard ◇ Ety/387

contract ◈ gowest N. [gˈɔwɛst] n. contract, compact, treaty ◇ Ety/397, Ety/399

contrivance ◈ gaud N. [gˈɑud] n. device, contrivance, machine ◇ Ety/358

control ◈ * tortha- N. [tˈɔrθɑ] inf. tortho N. [tˈɔrθɔ] v. to wield, control ◇ Ety/395

converse ◈ athrabeth S. [ˈɑθrɑbɛθ] n. debate, converse ◇ MR/329

cool ◈ him II S. [hˈim] adj. cool ◇ S/432

copper ◈ † gaer II *S. [gˈɑɛr] (goer N.) adj. red, copper-coloured, ruddy ◇ Ety/358, X/OE ◈ ross II S. [rˈɔss] adj. red-haired, copper coloured (especially used of animals, as fox, red deer, etc.) ◇ VT/41:10 ◈ rust S. [rˈust] n. copper ◇ VT/41:10 ◈ rustui S. [rˈustuj] adj. of copper ◇ VT/41:10

cord ◈ nordh N. [nˈɔrð] n. cord ◇ Ety/387

core ◈ ened S. [ˈɛnɛd] (enedh N.) n. core, centre, middle ◇ Ety/356, Ety/376, UT/450, Letters/224, VT/41:12,16 ◈ While the word is written enedh in the Etymologies, it seems that Tolkien considered and reconsidered its form throughout his life. Late rough jottings (c. 1968), as well as the text of letter no. 168 and the fact that the toponym Enedwaith was never changed on the LotR map, seem to imply that ened is the (most) definitive form. See also the possibly related preposition ned, which has sometimes been suggested to mean "in" (while again a prefix nedh- is seen in the Etymologies)

corn ◈ iau I N. [jˈɑu] pl. iui N. [jˈuj] n. Bot. corn ◇ Ety/399

corner ◈ bennas N. [bˈɛnnɑs] n. angle, corner ◇ Ety/352, Ety/375 ◈ nass N. [nˈɑss] n. 1. point, (sharp) end ○ 2. angle or corner ◇ Ety/375, VT/45:37

corpse ◈ daen N. [dˈɑɛn] n. corpse ◇ Ety/375

corrupt ◈ thaw N. [θˈɑw] adj. corrupt, rotten ◇ Ety/393

counsel ◈ gûr I S. [gˈuːr] n. heart (in the moral sense), counsel ◇ VT/41:11,15

count ◈ gonod- N. [gˈɔnɔd] v. to count, count up, reckon, sum up ◇ Ety/378, Ety/399, VT/46:6 ◈ * nedia- S. [nˈɛdi.ɑ] (nœdia- N.) v. to count ◇ Ety/378, VT/46:6

countenance ◈ thîr S., N. [θˈiːr] n. look, face, expression, countenance ◇ Ety/392, VT/41:10

countless ◈ arnediad N. [ɑrnˈɛdi.ɑd] (arnœdiad S., N.) adj. innumerable, countless, endless, without reckoning, numberless ◇ Ety/349, Ety/378, S/428, VT/46:6 ◈ aronoded N. [ɑrˈɔnɔdɛd] adj. innumerable, countless, endless ◇ Ety/378

course ◈ rant S., N. [rˈɑnt] n. 1. lode, vein ○ 2. Geog. course, riverbed ◇ Ety/383, S/436 ◈ rath S., N. [rˈɑθ] n. 1. course, riverbed ○ 2. street (in a city) ◇ Ety/383, LotR/Index, RC/523,551 ◈ † ŷr *S. [ˈyːr] (iôr N.) n. course ◇ Ety/400, X/IU

courtyard ◈ † pand *S. [pˈɑnd] (pann N.) n. courtyard ◇ Ety/380, X/ND1

cover ◈ esgal S. [ˈɛsgɑl] n. veil, screen, cover that hides ◇ S/431 ◈ * toba- N. [tˈɔbɑ] inf. tobo N. [tˈɔbɔ] v. to cover, roof over ◇ Ety/394

crabbed ◈ norn N. [nˈɔrn] pl. nyrn S. [nˈyrn] adj. 1. twisted, knotted, crabbed, contorted ○ 2. hard ◇ Ety/387

craft ◈ curu N. [kˈuru] (curw N.) n. craft, skill ◇ Ety/366, X/W ◈ maenas N. [mˈɑɛnɑs] n. abst. of maen, craft ◇ Ety/371

creature ◈ raug S. [rˈɑug] (graug S., rhaug N.) n. a powerful, hostile and terrible creature, a demon ◇ Ety/384, S/436, WJ/415, X/RH ◈ † ulunn *S. [ˈulunn] (ulund N., ulun N.) n. monster, deformed and hideous creature ◇ Ety/396, X/ND4 ◈ ûn N. [ˈuːn] n. creature ◇Ety/379 ◈ urug S. [ˈurug] n. 1. Orc (rarely used) ○ 2. Arch. "bogey", anything that caused fear to the Elves, any dubious shape or shadow, or prowling creature ◇ WJ/390

crescent ◈ cû; S., N. [kˈuː] n. 1. arch, crescent ○ 2. Mil. by ext., bow ◇ Ety/365, S/429 ◈ † cúron *S. [kˈuːrɑn] (cúran N.) n. Astron. the crescent Moon ◇ Ety/365, X/Z

crest ◈ amloth S. [ˈɑmlɔθ] n. Mil. flower or floreate device used as crest fixed to the point of a tall helmet ◇ WJ/318

crook ◈ gamp S., N. [gˈɑmp] n. hook, claw, crook ◇ Ety/357, VT/47:20

crooked ◈ † raeg *S. [rˈɑɛg] (rhoeg N.) adj. crooked, bent, wrong ◇ Ety/383, X/OE, X/RH ◈ † raen I *S. [rˈɑɛn] (rhaen N.) adj. crooked ◇ Ety/382, X/RH

cross ◈ * athrada- N. [ˈɑθrɑdɑ] inf. athrado N. [ˈɑθrɑdɔ] v. to cross, traverse ◇ Ety/383

crossing ◈ athrad S., N. [ˈɑθrɑd] pl. ethraid S. [ˈɛθrɑjd] n. (river-)crossing, ford, way ◇ Ety/349, Ety/383, UT/437, VT/42:7 ◈ * iach S. [jˈɑx] n. ford, crossing ← Arossiach S/382, Brithiach S/286, Cirith Ninniach S/387

crow ◈ corch N. [kˈɔrx] n. Orn. crow ◇ Ety/362 ◈ * craban S. [krˈɑbɑn] pl. crebain S. [krˈɛbɑjn] n. Orn. kind of crow of large size, raven ◇ LotR/II:III

crowd ◈ hoth S., N. [hˈɔθ] n. Pej. host, crowd, horde (nearly always in a bad sense) ◇ Ety/364, S/432 ◈ ovras N. [ˈɔvrɑs] n. abst. of ovor, crowd, heap. ◇ Ety/396 ◈ rim I S. [rˈim] (rhim N., rhimb N.) n. crowd, host, great number ◇ Ety/383, S/436, Letters/178, Letters/382, X/RH

crown ◈ rî; S. [rˈiː] (rhî; N.) n. crown, wreath, garland ◇ Ety/383, PM/347, X/RH

crowned ◈ † rîn I *S. [rˈiːn] (rhîn N., rhien N.) n. and adj. 1. crowned ○ 2. as a noun, by ext., crowned lady, queen ◇ Ety/393, Ety/389, X/RH

cruel ◈ balch N. [bˈɑlx] adj. cruel ◇ Ety/377 ◈ baug N. [bˈɑug] adj. tyrannous, cruel, oppressive ◇ Ety/372

cry ◈ can- S. [kˈɑn] v. to cry out, shout, call ◇ PM/361-362 ◈ hûl N. [hˈuːl] n. cry of encouragement in battle ◇ Ety/386 ◈ ial N. [jˈɑl] n. (?) a call, (?) a cry ◇ VT/46:22 ◈ * nalla- S. [nˈɑllɑ] v. to cry ← nallon LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72, Letters/278 ◈ nallon S. [nˈɑllɔn] v. pres. 1st of nalla-, I cry ◇ LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72, Letters/278

cunning ◈ † coru *S. [kˈɔru] (corw N.) adj. cunning, wily ◇ Ety/366, X/W

curse ◈ * rhach S. [ɹ̥ˈɑx] n. curse ← e-'Rach MR/373

cushion ◈ † nedhu *S. [nˈɛðu] (nedhw N.) n. bolster, cushion ◇ Ety/378, X/W

custody ◈ band S., N. [bˈɑnd] (bann N.) n. duress, prison, custody, safe-keeping ◇ Ety/371, S/428, MR/350, X/ND1

custom ◈ haew N. [hˈɑɛw] n. custom, habit ◇ Ety/364, VT/45:22 ◈ Written hæw (with ae-ligature) in the Etymologies, rectified here according to VT/45:22

cut ◈ * osgar- N. [ˈɔsgɑr] inf. esgeri N. [ˈɛsgɛri] v. to cut round, to amputate ◇ Ety/379 ◈ † rest *S. [rˈɛst] (rhest N.) n. cut ◇ Ety/384, X/RH ◈ † rista- *S. [rˈistɑ] (* rhista- N.) inf. † risto *S. [rˈistɔ] (rhisto N.) v. 1. to cut ○ 2. to rend, rip ◇ Ety/384, X/RH

cutlass ◈ † lang *S. [lˈɑŋ] (lhang N.) n. Mil. cutlass, sword ◇ Ety/367, X/LH

cycle ◈ † andrann *S. [ˈɑndrɑnn] (anrand N.) n. cycle, age (100 Valian Years) ◇ Ety/382, X/ND4 ◈ Helge Fauskanger noted that the element and "long" would normally be preserved before r-, but the -d is lost because there is another d in the word (VT/41:9); however, this second d later disappeared in the change from -nd to -nn, and it is unclear whether or not an- would then revert to and-

D

daddy ◈ ada N. [ˈɑdɑ] n. m. hypo. of adar, father, daddy ◇ Ety/349

dagger ◈ sigil I N. [sˈigil̡] n. Mil. dagger, knife ◇ Ety/385

daily ◈ ilaurui S. [ilˈɑuruj] adj. daily ◇ VT/44:21,28

daisy ◈ eirien S. [ˈɛjri.ɛn] n. Bot. daisy (flower) ◇ SD/129-31

damp ◈ nîd N. [nˈiːd] adj. damp, wet, tearful ◇ Ety/376

dangle ◈ gling- N. [glˈiŋ] v. to hang, dangle ◇ Ety/359, Ety/369, VT/45:15,27

dare ◈ * bertha- N. [bˈɛrθɑ] inf. bertho N. [bˈɛrθɔ] v. to dare ◇ Ety/352

dark ◈ doll N. [dˈɔll] (dolt N.) adj. dark, dusky, obscure ◇ Ety/355, Ety/376, Tengwestie/20031207 ◈ dûr S., N. [dˈuːr] pl. duir S. [dˈujr] adj. dark, sombre ◇ Ety/354, S/430, UT/434 ◈ môr S., N. [mˈɔːr] n. darkness, dark, night ◇ Ety/373, Letters/382 ◈ morn S., N. [mˈɔrn] pl. myrn S. [mˈyrn] adj. black, dark ◇ Ety/373, Letters/382, Letters/427, WJ/368, WR/113, UT/65

darkness ◈ dúath S., N. [dˈuːɑθ] (dúwath N.) n. coll. of dû;, 1. darkness, shadow ○ 2. nightshade ◇ Ety/354, S/430 ◈ fuin S., N. [fˈujn] n. night, dead of night, gloom, darkness ◇ Ety/354, Ety/382, S/431 ◈ môr S., N. [mˈɔːr] n. darkness, dark, night ◇ Ety/373, Letters/382

dart ◈ hador S., N. [hˈɑdr̩] n. Mil. thrower (of spears and darts) ◇ Ety/363, WJ/234 ◈ hadron N. [hˈɑdrɔn] n. m. Mil. thrower (of spears and darts) ◇ Ety/363

daughter ◈ iell N. [jˈɛl̡l] n. f. 1. daughter ○ 2. girl, maid ◇ Ety/385, Ety/400 ◈ Stated to be an alteration of sell, remodelled after ion "son" (OS *jondo). It was "a change assisted by the loss of s in compounds and patronymics", hence the ending -iel in several feminine words ◈ sell N. [sˈɛl̡l] n. f. 1. daughter ○ 2. girl, maid (child) ◇ Ety/385 ◈ sellath S. [sˈɛl̡lɑθ] n. coll. of sell, all the daughters ◇ SD/129-31

dauntless ◈ thalion S., N. [θˈɑli.ɔn] pl. thelyn N. [θˈɛlyn] n. hero, dauntless man (especially as surname of Húrin Thalion) ◇ Ety/388, S/438

dawn ◈ minuial S. [minˈuj.ɑl] n. "morrowdim", the time near dawn, when the star fade ◇ LotR/D

day ◈ arad N. [ˈɑrɑd] n. daytime, a day ◇ Ety/349 ◈ aur S., N. [ˈɑur] n. day, sunlight, morning ◇ Ety/349, S/439 ◈ calan S. [kˈɑlɑn] n. day, period of actual daylight ◇ aLotR/D ◈ Attested in the first edition of LotR, but omitted from the second. ◈ oraearon S. [ɔrˈɑɛ.ɑrɔn] n.Cal. seventh day of the Númenórean week, Sea-day ◇ LotR/D ◈ oranor S. [ˈɔrɑnɔr] n. Cal. second day of the week, day of the Sun ◇ LotR/D ◈ orbelain S. [ˈɔrbɛlɑjn] n. Cal. sixth day of the week, day of the Powers or Valar ◇ LotR/D ◈ orgaladh S. [ˈɔrgɑlɑð] n. Cal. fourth day of the Númenórean week, day of the White Tree ◇ LotR/D ◈ This day was formerly called orgaladhad in the Elvish calendar ◈ orgaladhad S. [ɔrgˈɑlɑðɑd] n. Cal. fourth day of the Elvish week, day of the Two Trees ◇ LotR/D ◈ This day was renamed orgaladh in the Númenórean calendar ◈ orgilion S. [ɔrgˈili.ɔn] n. Cal. first day of the week, day of the Stars ◇ LotR/D ◈ orithil S. [ˈɔriθil̡] n. Cal. third day of the week, day of the Moon ◇ LotR/D ◈ ormenel S. [ˈɔrmɛnɛl̡] n. Cal. fifth day of the week, Heavens' day ◇ LotR/D ◈† penninor *S. [pˈɛnninɔr] (penninar N.) n. Cal. last day of the year ◇ Ety/400, X/Z

daylight ◈ calan S. [kˈɑlɑn] n. day, period of actual daylight ◇ aLotR/D ◈ Attested in the first edition of LotR, but omitted from the second.

daytime ◈ arad N. [ˈɑrɑd] n. daytime, a day ◇ Ety/349

dead ◈ fern N. [fˈɛrn] pl. firn N. [fˈirn] n. and adj. 1. dead (of mortals) ○ 2. as a noun, dead person ◇ Ety/381 ◈ * gorth II S. [gˈɔrθ] pl. gyrth S. [gˈyrθ] n. a dead person ← [Raith >] Fui 'Ngorthrim RC/526, gyrth Letters/417 ◈ * gorthrim S. [gˈɔrθrim] n. class pl. of gorth II, the dead ← [Raith >] Fui 'Ngorthrim RC/526 ◈ gwann N. [gwˈɑnn] adj. departed, dead ◇ Ety/397

deadly ◈ † delu *S. [dˈɛlu] (delw N.) adj. hateful, deadly, fell ◇ Ety/355, X/W

deal ◈ maetha- II S. [mˈɑɛθɑ] v. to handle, wield, manage, deal with ◇ VT/47:6

dear ◈ mell N. [mˈɛl̡l] adj. dear ◇ Ety/372 ◈ muin N. [mˈujn] adj. dear ◇ Ety/374

death ◈ gûr II N. [gˈuːr] n. death ◇ Ety/377 ◈ gurth S. [gˈurθ] n. death ◇ S/432, UT/39, UT/54 ◈ guruth N. [gˈuruθ] n. death ◇ Ety/377 ◈ * guruthos S. [gˈuruθɔs] n. the shadow of death, death-horror ← di-nguruthos LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72, Letters/278 ◈ gwanath N. [gwˈɑnɑθ] n. death (act of dying, not death as a state or abstract) ◇ Ety/397 ◈ † gwanu *S. [gwˈɑnu] (gwanw N.) n. death (act of dying, not death as a state or abstract) ◇ Ety/397, X/W