Vocabulary. Working drawings – рабочие чертежи
Working drawings – рабочие чертежи Specification – технические требования, проектное задание Bill of quantities – смета, ведомость объёмов работ Architect - архитектор Architectural technician – зд. проектировщик Contractor - подрядчик Symbols – символы, знаки This very important topic describes the functions of the main documents, such as the working drawings, a specification and a bill of quantities. The working drawings are the basic documents prepared by the architect or architectural technicians to show the detailed plans, sections and elevations. They are drawn to a suitable scale and show the location and shape of the building. They also provide information about the dimensions, levels and general layout and services. They are used by the main contractor or subcontractors on site to construct the building. They are also used to obtain local authority’s approval, to prepare the specification, a bill of quantities and others. The working drawing consists of site, floor, roof, foundation plans, elevations and sections. The plans show the details like the roof and floor. The sections show the internal parts like foundations and the floor. The elevations are the views of doors and windows. All the symbols must be common to all drawings. The specification is a document describes the construction standards, required materials, the sizes and shapes of different parts. It describes how to do the building. The bill of quantity allows the contractor to price the work, to determine the volumes of work and the number of workers. All abovementioned documents should be made by specialists according to the code of practice and standards of appropriate countries and be approved by local authorities.
Answer the questions according to the text: 1. What documents do you need for approval for building construction? 2. What main construction documents do you know? 3. Why do we need specifications? 4. Why are all symbols common? Exercises: 1) Match the English and Russian equivalents. Make up the sentences with these words and word combinations:
2) Complete the sentences: The working drawings are the basic documents prepared by……………………………………………………………… The working drawing consists of………………………………………………………………. The bill of quantity allows the contractor………………………………………………………. All construction documents should be made by specialists according to…………………………………………………….. The specification is a document describes………………………………………………………...
3) Complete the sentences using Present Perfect Active: f.e. I am very tired because (to work). - I have worked hard. a) She can speak English because……………………………………………… (to learn). b) He can share his impressions about the film because……………………… (to see). c) I’m upset because…………………………………………… (to fail an exam). d) I have no money because…………………………………. (to spend). e) She’s looking for her gloves because ………………………. (to lose). f) He is absent because…………..(to fall ill).
4) Complete the sentences using Present Perfect Passive: f.e. The students have already done this job. - The job has already been done by students. We have just received this letter.- They have offered her some interesting work.- I have invited some friends to tea.- The students have written the test-paper without mistakes.- They have built excellent hotels for tourists in the mountains.- I have already ironed this dress.- We haven’t discussed this question yet.- Has anybody explained the rules of this game? -
References: Adapted from Building Construction Principles and Practices by D.Walton., pp.13-17.
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