James Watt (1736-1819)

1.James Watt was a Scottish inventor and mechanical engineer known for his improvements of the steam engine.

2.Watt was born on January 19, 1736, in Greenock, Scotland.

3.He worked as a mathematical-instrument maker from the age of 19 and soon became interested in improving the steam engine which was used at that time to pump out water from mines.

4.Watt determined the properties of steam, especially the relation of its density to its temperature and pressure and designed a separate condensing chamber for the steam engine that prevented large losses of steam in the cylinder.

5.Watt's first patent in 1769 covered this device and other improvements on steam engine.

6.At that time he also patented several other important inventions including the rotary engine for driving various types of machinery.

7.He retired from the firm in 1800 and devoted himself entirely to research work.

8.The centrifugal governor (регулятор) which he invented in 1788, and which automatically regulated the speed of an engine, is of particular interest today.

9.It embodies the feedback principle of a servomechanism linking output to input which is the basic concept of automation.

10.The watt, the unit of power, was named in his honor.

11.Watt was also a well-known civil engineer.

12.In 1767 he invented an attachment that adapted telescopes for use in the measurement of distances.

13.Watt died in August 1819.

 

II. Найдите соответствия между словами в правой и левой колонках:

1.Be born	a.Конструировать
2. Determine	b.Препятствовать
3. Design	c.Приспосабливать
4. Prevent	d.Посвящать
5. Include	e.Уходить в отставку
6. Retire	f.Определять
7. Devote	g.Воплощать
8. Invent	h.Рождаться
9. Embody	i.Включать
10. Adapt	j.Изобретать

 

III. Согласитесь (Yes, it is true) или опровергните (No, it is false) данные утверждения. Если они не соответствуют тексту, дайте правильный вариант:

1.James Watt is the inventor of locomotive.

2.James Watt is a mathematician.

3.James Watt improved the design of steam engine.

4.James Watt took out his first patent in 1769.

5.He patented many of his inventions.

6.He left the firm in 1800.

7.Since 1800 he devoted himself to theoretical work.

8.A fly ball governor is no longer used now.

 

IV. Ответьте на вопросы.

1.When and where was James Watt born?

2.What is James Watt famous for?

3.Was he young when he started working as a mathematical-instrument maker?

4.What did James Watt determine?

5.What inventions did James Watt patent?

6.What did James Watt devote his life to after retiring from the firm?

7.What is a unit of power?

8.What did James Watt invent in 1767?