II. American Food
Americans have a wider assortment of foods to choose from than consumers in any other country. Meats, fish, fruits, vegetables, cereals from various parts of the nation are available throughout the country during any season of the year. Frequently, the problem for the consumer is not the lack of variety of brands of food, but rather the bewildering assortment from which one must choose. In addition, the consumer can choose from foods that are fresh, frozen, canned and cooked or uncooked. Currently, virtually all food stores have available a wide array of frozen foods especially prepared to be heated or cooked in a microwave oven. The microwave oven has revolutionized the home preparation of meals. It, along with the supermarket, where virtually any kind of foods are available, make the preparation of food the most time-efficient in the world. A family can make only one trip a week to the supermarket to purchase its food needs for an entire week. Before the turn of the century Americans will have access to computer-based shopping enabling them to make buying decisions at home and picking up their purchases at the store or having them delivered to their homes. Since the 1950s fast-food and take-out restaurants have had a phenomenal proliferation, first in the US, and more recently throughout the world. The first fast-food chains like McDonalds, Burger King, Arby's and Wendy's which offer sandwiches, hamburgers, French-fried potatoes, hot dogs, pizzas, pancakes, chili and fried chicken, have been joined by other chains some of which offer Mexican, Chinese and other ethnic foods. The cost of the food in such restaurants is frequently cheaper than if one were to prepare similar food in one's kitchen. Consequently, an entire family may frequently go to eat at fast food places for convenience and economy. A more recent development in the American food industry has been the demand for healthier foods. The food industry has made available a wide variety of low-fat dairy and meat products. Animals are now being scientifically bred to produce lean meat. Even low fat cheeses and ice creams are being produced. Vegetable, fruit and cereal consumption are increasing. A second demand is for foods grown and produced free of fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides. This has led to the development of an " organic food" industry. Of course, the cost of organic foods is substantially higher than for nonorganic food. The market for organic food has nevertheless been expanding. (from " Life and Issues in the USA") 1. Answer the following questions: 1. What problem do American consumers face when buying food? 2. How often does a family visit a supermarket to purchase its food for a week? 3. What will enable Americans to make their buying decisions right at home? 4. What is the secret of success of fast-food and take-out restaurants? 5. What is a more recent development in the American food industry? 6. Which food items are very popular now in America? 2. Find in the text equivalents to the following words and phrases. Потребители, изделия из дробленого зерна, типы продуктов, консервированный, полуфабрикат, духовка, подавать на стол, молочные продукты, вегетарианский стол, постное мясо, ресторан «обеды на дом», экологически чистая, здоровая пища.
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