Прочитайте текст и вставьте пропущенные слова.

 

The English word 'law' refers to limits upon various ___ 1_ ______. Some laws are ___ 2 ______: they simply describe how people, or even natu­ral phenomena, usually behave. An example is the rather consistent law of gravity; another is the less consistent laws of economics. Other laws are ______ 3 _____ — they prescribe how people ought to behave. For example, the speed limits imposed upon drivers that prescribe how fast we should drive. They rarely describe how fast we actually do drive, of course.

In all societies, relations between people are regulated by prescriptive laws. Some of them are ____ 4 ____ — that is, informal rules of social and moral behavior. Some are __ 5 _____ we accept if we belong to particular social insti­tutions, such as religious, educational and cultural groups. And some are precise laws made by nations and enforced against all citizens within their power.

Customs need not to be made by ___ 6 ______, and they need not be written down. We learn how we are expected to ___ 7 ____ in society through the instruction of family and teachers, the advice of friends, and our expe­riences in dealing with strangers. Sometimes, we can ___ 8 ____ these rules with­out suffering any penalty. But if we continually break the rules, or break a very important one, other members of society may ridicule us, act violently toward us or refuse to have anything to do with us. The ways in which people talk, eat and drink, work, and relax together are usually called cus­toms.

Members of every ____ 9 _____ have made laws for themselves in self-pro­tection. If it were not for the law, you could not go out in daylight without the fear of being kidnapped, robbed or murdered. In the absence of law you could only rely upon _____ 10 ________.

Every country tries, therefore, to provide laws, which will help its peo­ple to live safely and comfortably. This is not at all an easy thing to do. No country has been successful in producing laws, which are entirely satisfac­tory. But the imperfect laws are better than none.

_____________________________________________________________________________

Forms of behaviour, descriptive, prescriptive, customs, rules, governments, behave, break, community, the law of the jungle.

Озаглавьте текст.

1. The types of law.

2. Laws and customs.

3. The need for law.

4. Law and society.

Напишите небольшое эссе (100слов) о том, в чем заключается разница между двумя видами законов, описанных в тексте. Проиллюстрируйте разницу собственными примерами.

Разделите слова из текста и переведите их на русский язык

People/prescribedriveeducationalrulesmoralpowernationscustomsinstructioneducationalstrangers successfuleatbreakeasykidnappedotherexpe­riencebetterentirely.

Переведите слова на английский язык, найдите и обведите их на буквенной карте.

 

закон, обычай, общество, правила, наказание, несовершенный, описывать, семья, гражданин, явления.

 

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GLOSSARY

Conduct - 1. поведение; 2. руководить, проводить (ч-л)

rules of ~ – правила поведения

criminal ~ – уголовное поведение

~ cases in court – вести дела в суде

Custom - обычай

international ~ – международный обычай

~ and traditions – обычаи и традиции

~s of war – обычаи войны

~ in trade – торговый обычай

Govern - править, управлять, руководить, регулировать, определять смысл

~ our conduct – регулировать наше поведение

~ a country (a people) – управлять страной (народом)

~ with justice – справедливо руководить

governor – правитель

government - правительство