Test questions

1. Write the reduction reaction of acetaldehyde, acetone, using the coenzyme NADH.

2. Write the oxidation reaction: 1) benzaldehyde; 2) propanal.

3. What compounds are formed by: 1) oxidation; 2) restoration of acrylic aldehyde (propenal)? What qualitative reactions can prove presence of a double bond and an aldehyde group propenal and hydroxyl groups in the product of oxidation? Write the reaction.

4. Write the reaction of: 1) acetaldehyde and ethyl alcohol; 2) acetone with methyl alcohol. Explain the mechanism of the reaction.

5. Write the hydrolysis reaction of dimethylformamide, formic aldehyde.

6. What is the connection or ethanal trihloretal forms of water? Write the reaction mechanism and specify.

7. Write condensation reaction of acetaldehyde with propionaldehyde.

8. Write the reaction of acetaldehyde with methylamine. Name the product and carry out its hydrolysis.

9. Write the structural formulas of the following acids: 1) isobutyric; 2) amber; 3) butenedioic; 4) oleic; 5) linoleic. Which of them exist as cis and trans isomers? Write and call these isomers. Which of them have biological activity?

10. Show the electron density distribution and mark the electronic effects of the following acids: 1) ant; 2) acetic acid; 3) trichloroacetic. Which of these acids is the strongest?

11. Write the dissociation of oxalic and benzoic acids.

12. Write the reaction of the formation of salts by the action of sodium hydroxide on: 1) the amber; 2) stearic; 3) acrylic acid.

13. Get ethyl ester of malonic acid. Describe the mechanism of this reaction.

14. Write the formation reaction of anhydrides: 1) acetate; 2) glutaric anhydride and mixed acetylphosphate.

15. Write the reaction of amide formation of succinic acid. By what mechanism it occurs?

16. Write the hydrolysis of urea.

17. explain why oxalic acid and malonic acid are decarboxylated by heating, and do not form anhydrides. Write the reaction.

18. Write the reaction, reaching as follows:

Acetic acid + НSKoA ® А + Н₂О

Malonic acid + НSKoA ® В + Н₂О

 

aldol condensation decarboxylation

A + C В Г

 

Explain the biological significance of these reactions....

 

Тема:10

Theme number 10: Heterofunctional organic compounds. Reactivity hydroxyl-, oxo-, phenolic acids. Tautomerism.

 

Session Purpose: to generate knowledge of specific chemical properties and structure prostrastvennogo heterofunctional compounds having biological activity as a basis for understanding their metabolic transformations in the body.

 

The main questions of the theme:

1. What is heterofunctional compounds?

2. In the example of lactic acid show asymmetric "C" and the optical isomers (R and L), the enantiomers, the racemate.

3. The oxidation of lactic and b-hydroxybutyric acid.

4. The example of acids acetoacetic consider keto-enol tautomerism.

5. Write decarboxylation of acetoacetic acid.

6. Write the reactions characteristic of a, b, g- hydroxy and aminoacids.

7. g-aminobutyric acid show lactam-lactim tautomerism.

8. For example tartaric acid show formation of acidic, medium salts.

 

Methods of teaching and learning: effective formative feedback on the development of competencies, training in small groups SGL, training based on teamwork TBL.

 

References:

 

1. Петров А.А., Бальян Х.Б. и др. «Органическая химия», М. Высшая школа, 1984 г.

2. Н.А.Тюкавкина, Ю.И.Бауков., «Биорганическая химия», Москва. «Медицина». 1991 г.

3. Степаненко Б.Н. «Курс органической химии», Москва, 1991 г.

4. Грандберг И.А. «Органическая химия», Москва, 2001 г.

5. Петров А.А., Бальян Х.Б. и др. «Органическая химия», М. Высшая школа, 1984 г. каз.яз.

6.А.Н.Несмеянов, Н.А.Несмеянов «Начала органической химии», Изд.Химия, Москва 1974 г.

7. Овчинников Ю.А. «Биоорганическая химия». М. Высшая школа, 1986 г.

8. Плешкова С.М., Р.Д. Асанбаева, М.И. Ильясова, Ш.Г. Салықова 1-ші курс студенттерінің биоорганикалық химиядан өз бетімен дайындалуына арналған тесттер, Алматы, 2001 ж.

9. Шабаров Ю.Ф. «Органическая химия», учебник для вузов; М. Химия, 1996 г. в 2-х томах.