Unit two

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING BRANCHES

 

Pronunciation and vocabulary exercises

 

Exercise 1. Read the following words. Pay attention to the pronunciation of the diphthongs and triphthongs. Can you give more examples of words with the same vowel combination?

 

[ei]	say, face, break, maintenance, failure, rotation, constrain, tape
[ai]	wife, cry, apply, grinding, hydraulic, kind, guiding, cycle, slide, china
[oi]	boy, point, pointless, coin
[au]	out, loud, bough, plough, found, flounce
[əu]	note, phone, telephone, total, though, motion, known
[iə]	year, beard, area, engineering
[eə]	fair, care, wear, various
[uə]	pure, cure
[auə]	our, flour, flower, tower, power
[əuə]	lower, Owen
[aiə]	fire, tyre, entirely, require
[eiə]	player
[oiə]	employer

Exercise 2. Match the following words with their pronunciation.

 

ache

again

carry

cold

get

work

grey

comb

give

cake

big

keys

back

guest

called

coffee

bigger

walk

bag

kiss

giv

big

get

kəum

ki:z

keik

kis

eik

gest

bæk

'kofi

ə'gen

wo:k

ko:ld

bæg

'bigə

kəuld

'kæri

wə:k

grei

Exercise 3. Look at the common adjective suffixes. Use the suffixes to make adjective from the words in the table. Can you give more word examples?

 

–able	to drink, to wash, to read, to recognize, to count, to eat, to negotiate
– ous	danger, an industry, an ambition, fame
–y	a noise, fun, a boss, a rain, dirt, a cloud
–ic	a photograph, to terrify, history, a poet, drama, a system, an organ
–ly	a friend, a day, a neighbour
–ful	use, help, care, hope
–less	use, help, care, hope
–al	a specialty, a nation, a culture, influence, an orchestra, a mechanic
–ive	to innovate, to create, to impress, to act
–ish	grey, red, eight, Poland
–ent	to differ, to depend, to insist

 

Exercise 4. Look at the common adverb suffixes. Use the suffixes to make adjective from the words in the table. Can you give more word examples?

 

–ly	kind, warm, deep, profound, great, gross, strong, wide
– ward	north, side, back, sea, in, out
– wise	clock, drop

Exercise 5. Identify the following as a noun (N), a verb (V), an adjective (ADJ), or an adverb (ADV) by the suffix.

 

1. ______	perfectionism	9. ______	ability
2. ______	energetic	10. ______	hasten
3. ______	childhood	11. ______	sponsorship
4. ______	fantasize	12. ______	jovial
5. ______	graceful	13. ______	commemorate
6. ______	eagerly	14. ______	publicly
7 ______	allowance	15. ______	happiness
8. ______	suitable	16. ______	anticlockwise

 

Exercise 6. Revise the English suffixes and prefixes and complete the table. Translate all the words you get.

 

noun	verb	adjective	adverb
		influential
		distinctive
authority
		charming
		competent
	provide
communicator
exception
generalization
		intervening
theorist
		different

 

Exercise 7. Read the text. Fill in the blanks with the suitable words from the box in the form of adjectives.

 

Russia

marsh

mountain

Siberia

 

For _________ people, the “Far East” is the broad coast along the Pacific Ocean, facing Alaska in the far north and Japan in the sub-tropical south, and including the large island of Sakhalin. Inland lie forests, mountains, lakes, rivers and marshes known as Siberia. Siberia is usually divided into Western and Eastern, the former is _________ and low-lying and rich in oil, the latter is _________ and rich in minerals, gold and diamonds.

The twenty million people who live in this region are mostly Russians and Ukrainians by origin. Besides there live other people. They all call themselves _________ and speak of Russia as beginning west of the Urals.

 

Exercise 8. Here are some words that you will come across in the texts of the unit. Study them carefully.

 

adjectives and participles appropriate подходящий, соответствующий чему-л. compatible совместимый intricate сложный, запутанный punched перфорированный     adverbs accurately точно, правильно, тщательно entirely исключительно steadily постоянно, неуклонно     preposition via через, путем

nouns assignment назначение axis ось, осевая линия; вал flow поток flywheels маховик, маховое колесо grinding шлифование machining (механическая) обработка, обработка на станке output производительность, выработка, выпуск sequence последовательность, порядок следования slide скольжение spindle шпиндель swarf отходы обработки, металлическая стружка template трафарет, шаблон tracing трассировка; вычерчивание, прочерчивание value ценность