Grammar exercises. Exercise 1.Form the comparative and superlative of each adjective
Exercise 1. Form the comparative and superlative of each adjective. Pronounce them accurately. Translate them into Russian.
Small, hot, dry, cold, interesting, wet, noisy, exciting, near, big, good, beautiful, far, old, busy, little, bad, healthy, amazing, long, intelligent, poor, sad
Exercise 2. Analyze the following sentences and identify the comparative constructions used in them.
1. English is easier to learn than Japanese. 2. You must do your homework more carefully. 3. It was the most difficult decision I ever had to make. 4. I am younger than you. I am the youngest in my family. 5. Buses aren’t as fast as trains. 6. The eastern side of the British Isles has a drier climate. 7. Computers are becoming more and more complicated. 8. The oldest known dam, an engineering wonder of the ancient world, lies near Marib, once the home of the Queen of Sheba. 9. Mice aren’t really as attracted to cheese as they are to grains. 10. The more technical today’s world becomes, the more compatible with both humans and machines language needs to be. 11. How has Jimmy behaved himself? – He’s been as good as gold. 12. I was more than pleased with my pay rise. I was over the moon.
Exercise 3. Find an error in each of the following sentences and correct it.
1. He is more older than he looks. 2. Jessica’s as tall than her mother. 3. Trains in London are more crowded that in Paris. 4. Oxford is one of oldest universities in Europe. 5. He’s as intelligent than his sister. 6. This is more hard than I expected. 7. Who is the most rich man in the world? 8. Everything is more cheap in my country.
Exercise 4. Complete the sentences with the suitable comparative constructions: (not) as … as, than ….
Melbourne was interesting, but for me, Paris was _________ interesting _________ Melbourne, and in some ways Dubai was the _________ interesting of all because it was so different _________ any other place I know. It was also the _________ driest, and _________ modern. It was hot in Melbourne but not as _________ hot _________ in Dubai. Dubai was _________ hotter! Melbourne is _________ older _________ Dubai but not _________ old _________ Paris. Paris was _________ oldest city I visited, but it has some great modern buildings, too. It was the _________ romantic place. I loved it.
Exercise 5. Rewrite the following sentences in the passive.
1. Who invented the telephone? 2. We can think of the field of mechanical engineering as a collection of many mechanical engineering science disciplines. 3. When will they hold the annual dance? 4. People use robots extensively in industrial engineering. 5. Outside the factory, people have employed robots in bomb disposal, space exploration, and many other fields. 6. The fire damaged many buildings in the city centre. 7. They will dedicate the new university building to Dr Potters. 8. We define failure not simply as when a part breaks, however; we define it as when a part does not operate as intended. 9. Mechanical engineers design some systems, such as the perforated top sections of some plastic bags, to break. 10. Dora sold three sculptures at the gallery opening. 11. They will open the library to the public in September.
Exercise 6. Translate the sentences.
1. The delegation was headed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs. 2. The development of mechanical engineering can be traced back several thousand years around the world. 3. She can be seen in the library every day. 4. Engineering mechanics is used to analyze and predict the behavior of objects under loads and stresses. 5. Heat and light are given to us by the sun. 6. The children were brought up in the country. 7. Robots are often used in industry to perform tasks that are dangerous, unpleasant, or repetitive. 8. Some factories are so robotized that they can run by themselves. 9. He was educated in Oxford. 10. The guests were shown the places of interest in the city. 11. She is invited to come to England next year. Exercise 7. Translate the sentences paying attention to modal verbs and their substitutes.
1. The field of mechanical engineering can be thought of as a collection of many mechanical engineering science disciplines. 2. She could read when she was three. 3. I must excuse myself. 4. Robots may be of any shape and size. 5. May I use your telephone? 6. Jack shouldn’t laugh at Tom. 7. I think you should write and apologize. 8. John ought to be more careful in the future. 9. You needn’t by bread. We have some at home. 10. I have to take a taxi in order not to be late. 11. We had to wait because the manager was out. 12. Robert is to take his exams next month. 13. We are to meet at 5 o’clock. 14. Were you to read Oliver Twist at school? Exercise 8. Here are some common question words. Translate them and match them with their answers.
Exercise 9. Make questions to the words given in italics.
1. Mechanical engineering is a discipline of engineering. 2. Mechanical engineering emerged as a field during the industrial revolution in Europe in the 18th century. 3. Mechanics is, in the most general sense, the study of forces and their effect upon matter. 4. Mechanical engineers typically use kinematics in the design and analysis of mechanisms. 5. Robots may be of any shape and size. 6. The capital of Great Britain is London. 7. Old St. Paul’s Cathedral was built during Norman times. 8. The cathedral that replaced it was designed by Sir Christopher Wren. 9. The town of Tver stands on the great Russian river Volga. 10. In the second part of the 19th century Tver became a large industrial town. Exercise 10. Choose the correct variant of the tag.
1. The field of mechanical engineering can be thought of as a collection of many mechanical engineering science disciplines, can it / can’t it? 2. To create a robot, an engineer typically employs kinematics and mechanics, does not he / doesn’t he? 3. Robots are used extensively in industrial engineering, aren’t they / didn’t they? 4. Outside the factory, robots have been employed in bomb disposal, space exploration, and many other fields, haven’t they / haven’t been they? 5. At its simplest, thermodynamics is the study of energy, its use and transformation through a system, is not it / is it not? 6. A technical drawing can be a computer model or hand-drawn schematic, can’t it / can it? 7. In the Port of London there are miles and miles of docks, aren’t there / aren’t they? 8. This is the East of London, unattractive in appearance, but very important to the country’s commerce, is it / isn’t it? 9. The name West End came to be associated with wealth, luxury, and goods of high quality, didn’t it / wasn’t it? 10. Many famous Russian poets and writers came to Tver many times, didn’t they / weren’t they? 11. There are many educational establishments in our town, aren’t they / aren’t there? 12. The Tver Gorky Regional Library was founded one hundred years ago, was it not / was not it?
Exercise 11. Give the five types of questions for each of the following sentences.
1. Structural failures occur in two general modes: static failure, and fatigue failure. 2. The population of London is probably the most cosmopolitan in the world. 3. The best architects of Russia A. V. Kvasov and M. F. Kazakov worked up the town development plan.
Exercise 12. Translate the sentences paying attention to the infinitive form and function.
2. I remember to have been told a lot about these rules, but I failed the main point of them. 3. Mechanical engineers use the core principles of mechanics, kinematics, thermodynamics, etc. to design and analyze manufacturing plants, industrial equipment and machinery, transport systems, aircraft, watercraft, robotics, etc. 4. I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long. 5. To construct an experiment of this kind seems nearly impossible. 6. No one likes to be scolded for nothing. What is to be done to improve the situation? 7. To survive in the frozen wastes of Antarctica takes special equipment. 8. Mechanical engineering science has continually evolved to incorporate advancements in technology. 9. In the 18th century Catherine the Great sent a group of architects headed by P. R. Nikitin to restore the town after two great fires. 10. The tests are to be followed by data processing. Care is to be taken to prevent failure. 11. I am very happy to have had the pleasure of making your acquaintance. 12. He always has money to spend. 13. He was the last person to do business with. 14. A U. S. mechanical engineer to create technical drawings is called a drafter or draftsman. 15. On the left bank of the Volga River we can also see the monument to the Tver merchant Afanasy Nikitin who was the first to visit India. 16. Our scientist were the first to synthesize diamonds. 17. Marie Curie was the first scientist to win two Nobel Prizes in science. 18. Industrial robots grasp and manipulate objects that are too dangerous for humans to handle. 19. The dog Laika was the first living creature to fly in the artificial satellite. 20. He was too polite to make any personal remarks out loud.
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