(Основные формы глагола)
В английском языке различают 4 основных формы глагола: неопределенная форма, прошедшее простое (или неопределенное) время, причастие прошедшего времени, причастие настоящего времени.
1. Неопределенная форма (the Infinitive) отвечает на вопрос: "Что делать?".
Признаком неопределенной формы является частица to.
Например, to mark – отмечать, ставить отметку; to make – делать.
2. Форма прошедшего неопределенного времени правильных (стандартных) глаголов образуется прибавлением суффикса -ed к основе глагола:
to mark – marked (отметил).
Форма прошедшего неопределенного времени (Past Indefinite) неправильных (нестандартных) глаголов определяется по словарю: to make – made (делал).
3. Причастие прошедшего времени (Participle II) правильных глаголов образуется прибавлением суффикса – ed к неопределенной форме без частицы to:
to mark – marked (отмеченный).
Форма причастия прошедшего времени неправильного глагола определяется по словарю.
Например, to make – made (сделанный).
4. Причастие настоящего времени (Participle I) образуется прибавлением суффикса - ing к основе глагола:
marking – отмечающий, making (делающий).
List of Irregular Verbs (Список неправильных глаголов)
| Infinitive
| Past
Indefinite
| Past Participle
| Перевод
|
| arise [q'raIz]
| arose [q'rqVz]
| arisen [q'rIzn]
| подниматься
|
| be [bJ]
| was [wPz],
were [wW]
| been [bJn]
| быть
|
| bear [bFq]
| bore [bL]
| born [bLn]
| рождать
|
| beat [bJt]
| beat [bJt]
| beaten ['bJtn]
| бить
|
| become [bI'kAm]
| became [bI'keIm]
| become [bI'kAm]
| становиться
|
| begin [bI'gIn]
| began [bI'gxn]
| begun [bI'gAn]
| начинать(ся)
|
| break [breIk]
| broke [brqVk]
| broken ['brqVkn]
| ломать
|
| breed [brJd]
| bred [bred]
| bred [bred]
| порождать, разводить
|
| bring [brIN]
| brought [brLt]
| brought [brLt]
| приносить
|
| build [bIld]
| built [bIlt]
| built [bIlt]
| строить
|
| burn [bE:n]
| burnt [bE:nt]
| burnt [bE:nt]
| гореть, жечь
|
| buy [baI]
| bought [bLt]
| bought [bLt]
| покупать
|
| can [kxn]
| could [kud]
| -
| мочь, могу
|
| cast [kRst]
| cast [kRst]
| cast [kRst]
| отливать
|
| catch [kxC]
| caught [kLt]
| caught [kLt]
| ловить, схватывать
|
| choose [CHz]
| chose [CqVz]
| chosen ['CqVzn]
| выбирать
|
| come [kAm]
| came [keIm]
| come [kAm]
| приходить
|
| cost [kPst]
| cost [kPst]
| cost [kPst]
| стоить
|
| cut [kAt]
| cut [kAt]
| cut [kAt]
| резать
|
| deal[dJl]
| dealt [delt]
| dealt [delt]
| торговать; иметь дело; рассматривать вопрос
|
| dig [dIg]
| dug [dAg]
| dug [dAg]
| копать
|
| do [dH]
| did [dId]
| done [dAn]
| делать
|
| draw [drL]
| drew [drH]
| drawn [drLn]
| тащить, чертить, рисовать
|
| dream [drJm]
| dreamt [dremt]
| dreamt [dremt]
| видеть во сне, мечтать
|
| drink [drINk]
| drank [drxNk]
| drank [drANk]
| пить
|
| drive [draIv]
| drove [drqVv]
| driven ['drIvn]
| везти, гнать
|
| dwell [dwel]
| dwelt [dwelt]
| dwelt [dwelt]
| обитать, останавливаться
|
| eat [Jt]
| ate [et]
| eaten ['Jtn]
| есть, принимать пищу
|
| fall [fLl]
| fell [fel]
| fallen ['fLln]
| падать
|
| feed [fJd]
| fed [fed]
| fed [fed]
| кормить
|
| feel [fJl]
| felt [felt]
| felt [felt]
| чувствовать
|
| fight [faIt]
| fought [fLt]
| fought [fLt]
| бороться, сражаться
|
| find [faInd]
| found [faund]
| found [faund]
| находить
|
| fly [flaI]
| flew [flH]
| flown [flqVn]
| летать
|
| forbid [fq'bId]
| forbade [fq'beId]
| forbidden [fq'bIdn]
| запрещать
|
| forget [fq'get]
| forgot [fq'gPt]
| forgotten [fq'gPtn]
| забывать
|
| freeze [frJz]
| froze [frqVz]
| frozen ['frqVzn]
| замораживать
|
| get [get]
| got [gPt]
| got [gPt]
| получать; становиться
|
| give [gIv]
| gave [geIv]
| given ['gIvn]
| давать
|
| go [gqV]
| went [went]
| gone [gPn]
| идти, ехать
|
| grow [grqV]
| grew [grH]
| grown [grqVn]
| расти, выращивать
|
| hang [hxN]
| hung [hAN]
| hung [hAN]
| висеть, вешать
|
| have [hxv]
| had [hxd]
| had [hxd]
| иметь
|
| hear [hIq]
| heard [hE:d]
| heard [hE:d]
| слышать
|
| hide [haId]
| hid [hId]
| hidden ['hIdn]
hid [hId]
| прятать
|
| hit [hIt]
| hit [hIt]
| hit [hIt]
| ударять
|
| hold [hqVld]
| held [held]
| held [held]
| держать, владеть
|
| hurt [hWt]
| hurt [hWt]
| hurt [hWt]
| ушибить, ранить
|
| keep[kJp]
| kept [kept]
| kept [kept]
| держать, хранить
|
| know [nqV]
| knew [njH]
| known [nqVn]
| знать
|
| lay [leI]
| laid [leId]
| laid [leId]
| класть
|
| lead [lJd]
| led [led]
| led [led]
| вести, руководить
|
| learn [lE:n]
| learnt [lE:nt]
| learnt [lE:nt]
| учиться, узнавать
|
| leave [lJv]
| left [left]
| left [left]
| оставлять, уезжать
|
| lend [lend]
| lent [lent]
| lent [lent]
| давать взаймы
|
| let [let]
| let [let]
| let [let]
| позволять
|
| lie [laI]
| lay [leI]
| lain [leIn]
| лежать
|
| light [laIt]
| lit [lIt]
| lit [lIt]
| зажигать, освещать
|
| lose [lHz]
| lost [lPst]
| lost [lPst]
| терять
|
| make [meIk]
| made[meId]
| made [meId]
| делать; заставлять
|
| may [meI]
| might [maIt]
| -
| могу
|
| mean [mJn]
| meant [ment]
| meant [ment]
| значить, подразумевать
|
| meet [mJt]
| met [met]
| met [met]
| встречать
|
| pay [peI]
| paid [peId]
| paid [peId]
| платить
|
| put [put]
| put [put]
| put [put]
| класть
|
| read [rJd]
| read [red]
| read [red]
| читать
|
| ride [raId]
| rode [rqVd]
| ridden ['rIdn]
| ездить
|
| ring [rIN]
| rang [rxN]
| rung [rAN]
| звонить
|
| rise [raIz]
| rose [rqVz]
| risen ['rIzn]
| вставать, подниматься
|
| run [rAn]
| ran [rxn]
| run [rAn]
| бежать
|
| saw [sL]
| sawed [sLd]
| sawn [sLn]
| пилить
|
| say [seI]
| said [sed]
| said [sed]
| говорить, сказать
|
| see [sJ]
| saw [sL]
| seen [sJn]
| видеть
|
| sell [sel]
| sold [sqVld]
| sold [sqVld]
| продавать
|
| send [send]
| sent [sent]
| sent [sent]
| посылать
|
| set [set]
| set [set]
| set [set]
| устанавливать
|
| shake [SeIk]
| shook [SVk]
| shaken ['SeIkn]
| трясти
|
| shall [Sxl]
| should [Sud]
| -
| должен
|
| shine [SaIn]
| shone [SPn]
| shone [SPn]
| сиять, светить
|
| show [SqV]
| showed [SqVd]
| shown [SqVn]
| показывать
|
| shut [SAt]
| shut [SAt]
| shut [SAt]
| закрывать
|
| sing [sIN]
| sang [sxN]
| sung [sAN]
| петь
|
| sit [sIt]
| sat [sxt]
| sat [sxt]
| сидеть
|
| sleep [slJp]
| slept [slept]
| slept [slept]
| спать
|
| speak [spJk]
| spoke [spqVk]
| spoken ['spqVkn]
| говорить
|
| spend [spend]
| spent [spent]
| spent [spent]
| тратить, проводить
|
| spread [spred]
| spread [spred]
| spread [spred]
| распространять
|
| stand [stxnd]
| stood [stud]
| stood [stud]
| стоять
|
| stick [stIk]
| stuck [stAk]
| stuck [stAk]
| липнуть, приклеиваться
|
| swim [swIm]
| swam [swxm]
| swum [swAm]
| плавать
|
| take [teIk]
| took [tVk]
| taken [teIkn]
| брать, взять
|
| teach [tJC]
| taught [tLt]
| taught [tLt]
| обучать, учить
|
| tell [tel]
| told [tqVld]
| told [tqVld]
| рассказывать, сообщать
|
| think [TINk]
| thought [TLt]
| thought [TLt]
| думать
|
| throw [TrqV]
| threw [TrH]
| thrown [TrqVn]
| кидать, бросать
|
| understand
| understood
| understood
| понимать
|
| ["Andq'stxnd]
| ["Andq'stHd]
| ["Andq'stHd]
|
|
| wear [wFq]
| wore [wL]
| worn [wLn]
| носить
|
| will [wIl]
| would [wud]
| -
| хотеть
|
| win [wIn]
| won [wAn]
| won [wAn]
| выигрывать, побеждать
|
| write [raIt]
| wrote [rqVt]
| written ['rItn]
| писать
|
