EXERCISE 13d, Review — Complete the sentences with these phrasal verbs from previous sections. To check their meanings, review the section number given after each one.
1. Most of the city was ________ ________ by the invading soldiers. 2. Teacher, will points be ________ ________ for spelling? 3. Dan is so rude — I have never been _______ _______ _______ like that before. 4. A conference will be ________ ________ between the lawyers for each side. 5. The Taylors were ________ ________ ________ their life savings by their stockbroker. 6. The children were happy to be ________ ________ of school early. 7. The entire staff was ________ ________ to the office and given pink slips. 8. Several flaws in the plan were ________ ________. 9. Raquel was almost ________ ________ by a cement truck while she was driving to work. 10. There wasn't enough room inside the cabin, so the firewood had to be ________ _______ outside. H. The general said the occupied territory would never be ________ ________. 12. The test will be ________ ________ to the students tomorrow. 13. This engine has been ________ ________ three times, but no one can figure out what's wrong with it. 14. This is a very important project. Every possible problem must be ______ ______. 15. My neighbor stopped at the side of the road to change a flat tire, and he was ________ ________ and killed by a drunk driver. 16. Each proposed design for the new flag was ________ ________ and rejected. 14. FOCUS ON: participle adjectives formed from phrasal verbs, 1 The past participles of many English verbs can also be used as adjectives. You will see that sentences with adjectives formed from past participles are very similar to sentences with verbs in the passive voice: in both cases a form of be is used with the past participle. For this reason, it is not always easy to say whether a sentence contains an adjective formed from a past participle or a verb in the passive voice: The door wasclosed. (Is this a passive sentence or is dosed an adjective?) Sometimes, whether a sentence contains an adjective formed from a past participle or a verb in the passive voice is clear from the sentence structure: The door wasclosed by the secretary, (passive) The door was closed when I came home last night, (adjective) or the context: question: What happens if the health inspector finds rats in a restaurant? answer: It' sclosed. (passive) question: Is the window open? answer: It' sclosed. (adjective) But in some cases it is not possible to say absolutely whether a sentence contains an adjective formed from a past participle or a verb in the passive voice. Fortunately, it is usually not very important because the meaning is often essentially the same. For that reason, throughout this book true adjectives formed from past participles and past participles functioning as adjectives are both classified as participle adjectives. Much more important than the difference between adjectives formed from past participles and past participles functioning as adjectives is what the words mean. Some participle adjectives are written with a hyphen (make-up), some without a hyphen (fixed up), and some as one word (rundown). Because not everyone agrees which participle adjectives should be hyphenated/which should not, and which should be written as one word, you will occasionally see the same participle adjective written with or without a hyphen or written as one word. Also, British English hyphenates many participle adjectives that are not normally hyphenated in American English; many of the participle adjectives shown unhyphenated in this book are hyphenated in British English.
1. butt in p.v. When you enter a conversation, situation, or place (especially a line) aggressively, rudely, and without invitation/you butt in. / was trying to talk to Mm at the party, but Bob kept butting in. My father taught me that it's not polite to butt in line; you have to go to the back and wait your turn.
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